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Skelettveränderungen bei hämatologischen Systemerkrankungen

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Skeletterkrankungen

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Abstract

In Abhängigkeit von Schweregrad und Dauer einer Anämie können Skelettveränderungen verschiedener Art auftreten. Bei starker Aktivität des Knochenmarks wird spongiöser Knochen resorbiert, wodurch eine grobe Trabekulierung am Stamm- und Gliedmaßenskelett entsteht. Dieser Knochen ist in seiner Stabilität reduziert, woraus sich häufigere Frakturen z. B. mit Wirbelkörperverformungen ableiten. Die Schädelkalotte verdickt sich durch eine Aufweitung der Diploe, in Extremfällen kann ein sog. Bürstenschädel („hair-on-end“) entstehen, das Endergebnis einer überstürzten spikulären Knochenneubildung. Ist die Viskosität des Blutes, insbesondere bei der Sichelzellanämie, erhöht, können sich über Gefäßverschlüsse Knocheninfarkte und Nekrosen, z. B. am Femurkopf, ausbilden. Bei angeborenen Anämien resultiert aus einer verminderten Durchblutung der Wachstumszonen in ausgeprägten Fällen ein reduziertes Knochenwachstum, vor allem an der Wirbelsäule.

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(2008). Skelettveränderungen bei hämatologischen Systemerkrankungen. In: Skeletterkrankungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45531-8_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45531-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-45529-5

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