Introduction

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been one of top research fields such as biology engineering, space technology, and material engineering, etc. It is a comprehensive discipline developed on the basis of multidisciplinary studies, including computer science and technology, information science and technology, control theory, psychology, physiology, philosophy, mathematics, and linguistics, etc. The key idea of AI is to let machines simulate, extend and expand human’s intelligence by artificial methods and technologies, in order to realize some “machinery thinking,” and endow machines with the ability of simulating human’s mental faculties to solve the complex real problems, e.g.,learning, reasoning, judgment, and decision-making, etc. Accordingly, in the framework of the different levels of human’s mental faculties, three kinds of simulation methodologies have been gradually established, i.e., symbolism which simulates human’s abstract mental faculties, connectionism which simulates human’s visualized mental faculties, and behaviorism which simulates human’s apperception mental faculties [430].