Gravitational lensing is strong if the distortions to the images are substantial, and weak if the distortions are small. Weak lensing of background images can be used to learn about the mass distribution in individual objects, such as galaxy clusters, but I will concentrate on weak lensing on a cosmological scale, which is usually analysed in a statistical way. Recent reviews of this area include [4, 26, 32].
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Heavens, A. (2008). Weak Gravitational Lensing. In: Martinez, V., Saar, E., Gonzales, E., Pons-Borderia, M. (eds) Data Analysis in Cosmology. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 665. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44767-2_18
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