Skip to main content

Epidural Tumors

  • Chapter
Surgery of Spinal Tumors
  • 1391 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abdelwahab IF, Casden AM, Klein MJ, Spollman A (1991) Chondrosarcoma of a thoracic vertebra. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 51:34–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abe E, Sato K, Tazawa H, Murai H, Okada K, Shimada Y, Morita H (2000) Total spondylectomy for primary tumor of the thoracolumbar spine. Spinal Cord 38:146–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abraham JL (2004) Assessment and treatment of patients with malignant spinal cord compression. J Support Oncol 2:377–288, discussion 391

    Google Scholar 

  4. Acciarri N, Padovani R, Giulioni M, Gaist G (1993) Surgical treatment of spinal cavernous angiomas. J Neurosurg Sci 37:209–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Acikgoz B, Akkurt C, Erbengi A, Bertan V, Oezgen T, Oezcan O (1989) Metastatic spinal cord tumors. Paraplegia 27:359–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Aebi M (2003) Spinal metastasis in the elderly. Eur Spine J 12:S202–S213

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Akbarnia BA, Rooholamini SA (1981) Scoliosis caused by benign osteoblastoma of the thoracic or lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 63:1146–1155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Akeyson EW, McCutcheon IE (1996) Single-stage posterior vertebrectomy and replacement combined with posterior instrumentation for spinal metastasis. J Neurosurg 85:211–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Akhaddar A, Chakir N, Amarti A, El Hassani MR, El Khamlichi A, Jiddane M, Boukhrissi N (2002) Thoracic epidural hemangiopericytoma. Case report. J Neurosurg Sci 46:89–92; discussion 92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Akiyama H, Tamaki N, Kondoh T, Nagashima T (1999) Craniocervical junction synovial cyst associated with atlanto-axial dislocation — case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 39:539–543

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Akiyama N, Takeuchi M, Shibagaki Y, Uchiyama S, Iwata M (1999) [Two cases of spinal epidural lipomatosis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 39: 634–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Albert TJ, Balderston RA, Northrup BE (1997) Surgical Approaches to the Spine. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  13. Algra RR, Heimans JJ, Valk J, Nauta JJ, Lachniet M, Van Kooten B (1992) Do metastases in vertebrae begin in the body or the pedicles? Imaging study in 45 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158:1275–1279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Amacher AL, Eltomey A (1985) Spinal osteoblastoma in children and adolescents. Childs Nerv Syst 1:29–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Amendola BE, Amendola MA, Oliver E, McClatchey KD (1986) Chordoma: role of radiation therapy. Radiology 158:839–843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Anderson C, Rorabeck CH (1980) Skeletal metastases of an intracranial malignant hemangiopericytoma. Report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62:145–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Antoniadis G, Richter HP, Kast E, Treugut H (1997) [Juxtafacet cysts as space-occupying intraspinal processes]. Nervenarzt 68:515–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Aoyagi N, Kojima K, Kasai H (2003) Review of spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 10:471–475; discussion 476

    Google Scholar 

  19. Aprin H, Riseborough EJ, Hall JE (1982) Chondrosarcoma in children and adolescents. Clin Orthop Relat Res 166:226–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Assaker R, Fromont G, Reyns N, Louis E, Chastanet P, Lejeune JP (2001) [Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery]. Neurochirurgie 47:93–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Austin JP, Urie MM, Cardenosa G, Munzenrider JE (1993) Probable causes of recurrence in patients with chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the base of skull and cervical spine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 25:439–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Awwad EE, Martin DS, Smith KR Jr, Bucholz RD (1990) MR imaging of lumbar juxtaarticular cysts. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:415–417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Aydin F, Ghatak NR, Leshner RT (1995) Possible radiationinduced dural fibrosarcoma with an unusually short latent period: case report. Neurosurgery 36:591–594; discussion 594–595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Azzarelli A, Quagliuolo V, Cerasoli S, Zucali R, Bignami P, Mazzaferro V, Dossena G, Gennari L (1988) Chordoma: natural history and treatment results in 33 cases. J Surg Oncol 37:185–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Baba H, Maezawa Y, Furusawa N, Wada M, Kokubo Y, Imura S, Imamura Y, Yamada Y (1998) Solitary plasmacytoma of the spine associated with neurological complications. Spinal Cord 36:470–475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bacci G, Savini R, Calderoni P, Gnudi S, Minutillo A, Picci P (1982) Solitary plasmacytoma of the vertebral column. A report of 15 cases. Tumori 68:271–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bach F, Larsen BH, Rohde K, Borgesen SE, Gjerris F, Boge-Rasmussen T, Agerlin N, Rasmusson B, Stjernholm P, Sorensen PS (1990) Metastatic spinal cord compression. Occurrence, symptoms, clinical presentations and prognosis in 398 patients with spinal cord compression. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 107:37–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bach F, Agerlin N, Soerensen JB, Rasmussen TB, Dombernowsky P, Soerensen PS, Hansen HH (1992) Metastatic spinal cord compression secondary to lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 10:1781–1787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Badinand B, Morel C, Kopp N, Tran Min VA, Cotton F (2003) Dumbbell-shaped epidural capillary hemangioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:190–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bagshaw MA, Kaplan ID, Valdagni R, Cox RS (1992) Radiation treatment of prostate bone metastases and the biological considerations. Adv Exp Med Biol 324:255–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bandiera S, Campanacci L, De Iure F, Bertoni F, Picci P, Boriani S (1999) Hemorrhagic synovial lumbar cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Chir Organi Mov 84:197–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Banning CS, Thorell WE, Leibrock LG (2001) Patient outcome after resection of lumbar juxtafacet cysts. Spine 26:969–972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Baratti D, Gronchi A, Pennacchioli E, Lozza L, Colecchia M, Fiore M, Santinami M (2003) Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 10:291–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Barbieri E, Chiaulon G, Bunkeila F, Putti C, Frezza G, Neri S, Boriani S, Campanacci M, Babini L (1998) Radiotherapy in vertebral tumors. Indications and limits: a report on 28 cases of Ewing’s sarcoma of the spine. Chir Organi Mov 83:105–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Barcena A, Lobato RD, Rivas JJ, Cordobes F, De Castro S, Cabrera A, Lamas E (1984) Spinal metastatic disease: analysis of factors determining functional prognosis and the choice of treatment. Neurosurgery 15:820–827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Barr JD, Barr MS, Lemley TJ, McCann RM (2000) Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization. Spine 25:912–928

    Google Scholar 

  37. Barron KD, Hirano A, Araki S, Terry RD (1959) Experiences with metastatic neoplasms involving the spinal cord. Neurology 9:91–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Barwick KW, Huvos AG, Smith J (1980) Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the vertebral column: a clinicopathologic correlation of ten patients. Cancer 46:595–604

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bas T, Aparisi F, Bas JL (2001) Efficacy and safety of ethanol injections in 18 cases of vertebral hemangioma: a mean follow-up of 2 years. Spine 26:1577–1582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Basic-kes V, Basic-Jukic N, Kes P, Demarin V, Labar B (2002) [Neurologic sequelae of bone changes in multiple myeloma and its therapy]. Acta Med Croatica 56:103–107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bataille R, Sany J, Serre H (1981) [Apparently isolated plasmacytoma of bone. Clinical and prognostic data. 114 cases and review of literature (author’s transl)]. Nouv Presse Med 10:407–411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bauer HC (1997) Posterior decompression and stabilization for spinal metastases. Analysis of sixty-seven consecutive patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79:514–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Bauernhofer T, Stoger H, Kasparek AK, Ploner F, Kuss I, Pieber TR, Kotz R, Samonigg H (1999) Combined treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma of the spine. Oncology 57:265–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Baur A, Stabler A, Bruning R, Bartl R, Krodel A, Reiser M, Deimling M (1998) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow: differentiation of benign versus pathologic compression fractures. Radiology 207:349–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Baur A, Stabler A, Arbogast S, Duerr HR, Bartl R, Reiser M (2002) Acute osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral compression fractures: fluid sign at MR imaging. Radiology 225:730–735

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bavbek M, Yurt A, Caner H, Altinors N (1997) An unusual dumbbell form of cavernous hemangioma of the cervical spine. Kobe J Med Sci 43:57–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Beatty RA (1987) Sciatica and epidural gas. Neurosurgery 21:537–539

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Beauchamp CP, Duncan CP, Dzus AK, Morton KS (1992) Osteoblastoma: experience with 23 patients. Can J Surg 35:199–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bellaiche L, Laredo JD (1994) [Value of magnetic resonance imaging in myeloma]. Presse Med 23:315–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Benezech J, Fuentes JM (1989) [Primary tumors of the spine. A multicenter cooperative study]. Neurochirurgie 35:317–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Benzil DL, Saboori M, Mogilner AY, Rocchio R, Moorthy CR (2004) Safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery for tumors of the spine. J Neurosurg 101:413–418

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Bergh P, Kindblom LG, Gunterberg B, Remotti F, Ryd W, Meis-Kindblom JM (2000) Prognostic factors in chordoma of the sacrum and mobile spine. Cancer 88:2122–2134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bergh P, Gunterberg B, Meis-Kindblom JM, Kindblom LG (2001) Prognostic factors and outcome of pelvic, sacral, and spinal chondrosarcomas: a center-based study of 69 cases. Cancer 91:1201–1212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Berson AM, Castro JR, Petti P, Phillips TL, Gauger GE, Gutin P, Collier JM, Henderson SD, Baken K (1988) Charged particle irradiation of chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the base of skull and cervical spine: the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15:559–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bessou P, Lefournier V, Ramoul A, Vasdev A, Boubagra K, Crouzet G (1998) [Benign vertebral osteoblastoma. Report of 6 cases]. J Neuroradiol 25:21–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Betchen S, Schwartz A, Black C, Post K (2002) Intradural hemangiopericytoma of the lumbar spine: case report. Neurosurgery 50:654–657

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Bethke KP, Neifeld JP, Lawrence W (1991) Diagnosis and management of sacrococcygeal chordoma. J Surg Oncol 48:232–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Beyzadeoglu M, Dirican B, Oysul K, Surenkok S, Pak Y (2002) Evaluation of radiation carcinogenesis risk in vertebral hemangioma treated by radiotherapy. Neoplasma 49:338–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Bhojraj SY, Dandawate AV, Ramakantan R (1992) Preoperative embolisation, transpedicular decompression and posterior stabilisation for metastatic disease of the thoracic spine causing paraplegia. Paraplegia 30:292–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Bidwell JK, Young JW, Khalluff E (1987) Giant cell tumor of the spine: computed tomography appearance and review of the literature. J Comput Tomogr 11:307–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bielack SS, Wulff B, Delling G, Gobel U, Kotz R, Ritter J, Winkler K (1995) Osteosarcoma of the trunk treated by multimodal therapy: experience of the Cooperative Osteosarcoma study group (COSS) Med Pediatr Oncol 24:6–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bilsky MH, Boland P, Lis E, Raizer JJ, Healey JH (2000) Single-stage posterolateral transpedicle approach for spondylectomy, epidural decompression, and circumferential fusion of spinal metastases. Spine 25:2240–2250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bilsky MH, Schefler AC, Sandberg DI, Dunkel IJ, Rosenblum MK (2000) Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcomas involving the neuraxis: report of three cases. Neurosurgery 47:956–959; discussion 959–960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Bilsky MH, Boland PJ, Panageas KS, Woodruff JM, Brennan MF, Healey JH (2001) Intralesional resection of primary and metastatic sarcoma involving the spine: outcome analysis of 59 patients. Neurosurgery 49:1277–1286; discussion 1286–1287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bilsky MH, Boakye M, Collignon F, Kraus D, Boland P (2005) Operative management of metastatic and malignant primary subaxial cervical tumors. J Neurosurg Spine 2:256–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Binning MJ, Gottfried ON, Klimo P, Schmidt MH (2004) Minimally invasive treatments for metastatic tumors of the spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:459–465

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Birch BD, Khandji AG, McCormick PC (1996) Atlantoaxial degenerative articular cysts. J Neurosurg 85:810–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bisagni-Faure A, Ravaud P, Amor B, Menkes CJ (1991) [Myeloma and epidural invasiveness. Clinical and therapeutic aspects (a study of 22 cases)]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 58:501–506

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bjornsson J, Wold LE, Ebersold MJ, Laws ER (1993) Chordoma of the mobile spine. A clinicopathologic analysis of 40 patients. Cancer 71:735–740

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Black P (1979) Spinal metastases: current status and recommended guidelines for management. Neurosurgery 5:726–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bogoch ER, English E, Perrin RG, Tator CH (1983) Successful surgical decompression of spinal extradural metastases of liposarcoma. Spine 8:228–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Bohinski RJ, Rhines LD (2003) Principles and techniques of en bloc vertebrectomy for bone tumors of the thoracolumbar spine: an overview. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 7

    Google Scholar 

  73. Böker DK, Sepehrnia A, Samii M (1992) Skull-base chordomas: operative strategies and clinical results. First International Skull Base Congress, Hanover, June 14–20

    Google Scholar 

  74. Boogerd W, Van der Sande JJ, Kroeger R (1992) Early diagnosis and treatment of spinal epidural metastasis in breast cancer: a prospective study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 55:1188–1193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Borg MF, Benjamin CS (1995) Haemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system. Australas Radiol 39:36–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Boriani S, Capanna R, Donati D, Levine A, Picci P, Savini R (1992) Osteoblastoma of the spine. Clin Orthop 278:37–45

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Boriani S, Biagini R, De Lure F, Bertoni F, Malaguti MC, Di Fiore M, Zanoni A (1996) En bloc resections of bone tumors of the thoracolumbar spine: a preliminary report on 29 patients. Spine 21:1927–1931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Boriani S, Biagini R, Laus M, De Lure F, Campanacci L (1996) Giant cell tumor of the vertebral column. Chir Organi Mov 81:233–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Boriani S, Chevalley F, Weinstein JN, Biagini R, Campanacci L, De Lure F, Piccill P (1996) Chordoma of the spine above the sacrum. Treatment and outcome in 21 cases. Spine 21:1569–1577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Boriani S, Weinstein JN, Biagini R (1997) Primary bone tumors of the spine. Terminology and surgical staging. Spine 22:1036–1044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Boriani S, Biagini R, De Lure F, Bandiera S, Di Fiore M, Bandello L, Malaguti MC, Picci P, Bacchini P (1998) Resection surgery in the treatment of vertebral tumors. Chir Organi Mov 83:53–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Boriani S, De Lure F, Bandiera S, Campanacci L, Biagini R, Di Fiore M, Bandello L, Picci P, Bacchini P (2000) Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: report on 22 cases. Spine 25:804–812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Boriani S, De Lure F, Campanacci L, Gasbarrini A, Bandiera S, Biagini R, Bertoni F, Picci P (2001) Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mobile spine: report on 41 cases. Spine 26:27–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bosma JJ, Pigott TJD, Pennie BH, Jaffray DC (2001) En bloc removal of the lower lumbar vertebral body for chordoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 94:284–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Bouffet E, Marec-Berard P, Thiesse P, Carrie C, Risk T, Jouvet A, Brunat-Mentigny M, Mottolese C (1997) Spinal cord compression by secondary epi-and intradural metastases in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 13:383–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Boukobza M, Mazel C, Touboul E (1996) Primary vertebral and spinal epidural non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with spinal cord compression. Neuroradiology 38:333–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Bozzao L, Fantozzi L, Di Lorenzo N (1977) Angiographic features of upper cervical extradural neurinoma. Case Report. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 39:269–273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Brenner B, Carter A, Tatarsky I, Gruszkiewicz J, Peyser E (1982) Incidence, prognostic significance and therapeutic modalities of central nervous system involvement in multiple myeloma. Acta Haematol 68:77–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Bridwell KH, Jenny AB, Saul T, Rich KM, Grubb RL (1988) Posterior segmental spinal instrumentation (PSSI) with posterolateral decompression and debulking for metastatic thoracic and lumbar spine disease. Limitations of the technique. Spine 13:1383–1394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Brihaye J, Ectors P, Lemort M, Van Houte P (1988) The management of spinal epidural metastases. Adv Techn Stand Neurosurg 16:122–176

    Google Scholar 

  91. Brunot S, Berge J, Barreau X, Menegon P, Dousset V (2005) [Long term clinical follow up of vertebral hemangiomas treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty]. J Radiol 86:41–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Budris DM (1991) Radiologic case study. Intraspinal lumbar synovial cyst. Orthopedics 14:613, 618–620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Butler MS, Robertson WW Jr, Rate W, D’Angio GJ, Drummond DS (1990) Skeletal sequelae of radiation therapy for malignant childhood tumors. Clin Orthop:235–240

    Google Scholar 

  94. Cahill DW (1996) Surgical management of malignant tumors of the adult bony spine. South Med J 89:653–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Cahill DW, Kumar R (1999) Palliative subtotal vertebrectomy with anterior and posterior reconstruction via a single posterior approach. J Neurosurg 90:42–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Camacho J, Arnalich F, Anciones B, Pena JM, Gil A, Barbado FJ, Puig JG, Vazquez JJ (1985) The spectrum of neurological manifestations in myeloma. J Med 16:597–611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Cancrini A Jr, Bellotti C, Santoro A, Quagliarini L, Tossini A, Ciappetta P, Delfini R (1993) [Anterior approaches to the spinal column: considerations of the surgical technique]. G Chir 14:92–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Capanna R, Ayala A, Bertoni F, Picci P, Calderoni P, Gherlinzoni F, Bettelli G, Campanacci M (1986) Sacral osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: a report of 13 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 105:205–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Carpentier A, Polivka M, Blanquet A, Lot G, George B (2002) Suboccipital and cervical chordomas: the value of aggressive treatment at first presentation of the disease. J Neurosurg 97:1070–1077

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Cartwright MJ, Nehls DG, Carrion CA, Spetzler RF (1985) Synovial cyst of a cervical facet joint: case report. Neurosurgery 16:850–852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Casadei R, Greggi T, Miglietta A, Perozzi M, Barchetti M, Parisini P (1998) Posterior surgery for the treatment of thoracolumbar pathologic fractures in metastatic patients. Chir Organi Mov 83:149–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Catton C, O’Sullivan B, Bell R, Laperriere N, Cummings B, Fornasier V, Wunder J (1996) Chordoma: long-term follow-up after radical photon irradiation. Radiother Oncol 41:67–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Cauhape P, Soubrier M, Ristori JM, Bussiere JL (1993) [Massive calcinosis of a spinal synovial cyst after intraarticular injection of long-acting corticosteroid]. Rev Rhum Ed Fr 60:177–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Celli P (2002) Treatment of relevant nerve roots involved in nerve sheath tumors: removal or preservation? Neurosurgery 51:684–692

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Celli P, Trillo G, Ferrante L (2005) Extrathecal intraradicular nerve sheath tumor. J Neurosurg Spine 3:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Cervoni L, Celli P, Salvati M, Tarantino R, Fortuna A (1995) Solitary plasmacytoma of the spine: relationship of IGM to tumour progression and recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 135:122–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Chahal S, Lagera JE, Ryder J, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK (2003) Hematological neoplasms with first presentation as spinal cord compression syndromes: a 10-year retrospective series and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol 22:282–290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Chang H, Park JB, Kim KW (2000) Synovial cyst of the transverse ligament of the atlas in a patient with os odontoideum and atlantoaxial instability. Spine 25:741–744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Chang IC, Chou MC, Bell WR, Lin ZI (2004) Spinal cord compression caused by extradural arachnoid cysts. Clinical examples and review. Pediatr Neurosurg 40:70–74

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Chang MY, Shih LY, Dunn P, Leung WM, Chen WJ (1994) Solitary plasmacytoma of bone. J Formos Med Assoc 93:397–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Chaoui FM, Njee-Bugha T, Figarella-Branger D, Peragut JC (2000) [Synovial cyst of cervical spine]. Neurochirurgie 46:391–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Charest DR, Kenny BG (2000) Radicular pain caused by synovial cyst: an underdiagnosed entity in the elderly? J Neurosurg Spine 92:57–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Charissoux JL, Dunoyer J, Arnaud JP, Pecout C, Huc H (1992) [Extradural spinal cysts: an uncommon cause of back pain. Review of the literature apropos of a case]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 78:51–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Chataigner H, Onimus M, Polette A (1998) [Surgical treatment of myeloma localized in the spine]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 84:311–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Chen HJ, Chen L (1996) Traumatic interdural arachnoid cyst in the upper cervical spine. Case report. J Neurosurg 85:351–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Chen LH, Chen WJ, Niu CC, Shih CH (2000) Anterior reconstructive spinal surgery with Zielke instrumentation for metastatic malignancies of the spine. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 120:27–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Cheng EY, Özerdemoglu RA, Transfeldt EE, Thompson RC Jr (1999) Lumbosacral chordoma: prognostic factors and treatment. Spine 24:1639–1645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Cheng MH (1996) Intraspinal extradural arachnoid cyst with spinal cord herniation. J Formos Med Assoc 95:712–714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Chevalier X, Voisini MC, Brugieres P, Ducoup-Lepointe H, Avonac B, Marty M, Martigny J, Hernigou PH, Gontallier D, Villiaumey J, Larget-Petit B (1990) Chordomes du rachis mobile. A propos de neuf cas. Revue de la literature. Rev Rhumatisme 57:767–778

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Cho BY, Zhang HY, Kim HS (2004) Synovial cyst in the cervical region causing severe myelopathy. Yonsei Med J 45:539–542

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Choe W, Walot I, Schlesinger C, Chambi I, Lin F (1993) Synovial cyst of dens causing spinal cord compression. Case report. Paraplegia 31:803–807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Chong KM, Hennox SC, Sheppard MN (1993) Primary hemangiopericytoma presenting as a Pancoast tumor. Ann Thorac Surg 55:9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Chow LT, Lui YH, Kumta SM, Allen PW (2004) Primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the sacrum: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 57:90–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Ciappetta P, Celli P, Palma L, Mariottini A (1985) Intraspinal hemangiopericytomas. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Spine 10:27–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Cohen JE, Lylyk P, Ceratto R, Kaplan L, Umanskyt F, Gomori JM (2004) Percutaneous vertebroplasty: technique and results in 192 procedures. Neurol Res 26:41–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Cohen ZR, Fourney DR, Marco RA, Rhines LD, Gokaslan ZL (2002) Total cervical spondylectomy for primary osteogenic sarcoma. Case report and description of operative technique. J Neurosurg (Spine 3) 97:386–392

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Colletti PM, Siegel HJ, Woo MY, Young HY, Terk MR (1996) The impact on treatment planning of MRI of the spine in patients suspected of vertebral metastasis: an efficacy study. Comput Med Imaging Graph 20:159–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Constans JP, Divitiis E, Donizelli R, Spaziante R, Meder JF, Haye C (1983) Spinal metastasis with neurological manifestations: review of 600 cases. J Neurosurg 59:111–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Conti P, Pansini G, Mouchaty H, Capuano C, Conti R (2004) Spinal neurinomas: retrospective analysis and long-term outcome of 179 consecutively operated cases and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 61:34–43; discussion 44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Crew JP, Flannery M, Manners B, Coates CJ (1995) Malignant transformation in a fatal case of giant cell tumour of the sacrum. Postgrad Med J 71:301–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Crockard HA, Bradford R (1985) Transoral transclival removal of a schwannoma anterior to the craniocervical junction. Case report. J Neurosurg 62:293–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Cudlip S, Johnston F, Marsh H (1999) Subaxial cervical synovial cyst presenting with myelopathy. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg Spine 90:141–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Cummings BJ, Hodson DI, Bush RS (1983) Chordoma: the results of megavoltage radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 9:633–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Cybulski GR, Stone JL, Opesanmi O (1992) Spinal cord decompression via a modified costotransversectomy approach combined with posterior instrumentation for management of metastatic neoplasms of the thoracic spine. Surg Neurol 35:280–285

    Google Scholar 

  135. Dahlin DC (1977) Giant-cell tumor of vertebrae above the sacrum: a review of 31 cases. Cancer 39:1350–1956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. D’Andrea G, Ramundo OE, Trillo G, Roperto R, Isidori A, Ferrante L (2003) Dorsal foramenal extraosseous epidural cavernous hemangioma. Neurosurg Rev 26:292–296

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Degen JW, Gagnon GJ, Voyadzis JM, McRae DA, Lunsden M, Dieterich S, Molzahn I, Henderson FC (2005) CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of spinal tumors for pain control and quality of life. J Neurosurg Spine 2:540–549

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Deinsberger W, Schindler C, Böker DK (1997) [Juxta-facet cysts. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and therapy]. Nervenarzt 68:825–830

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Delauche-Cavallier MC, Laredo JD, Wybier M, Bard M, Mazabraud A, Le Bail Darne JL, Kuntz D, Ryckewaert A (1988) Solitary plasmacytoma of the spine. Long-term clinical course. Cancer 61:1707–1714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. De Salles AAF, Pedroso AG, Medin P, Agazaryan N, Solberg T, Cabatan-Awang C, Espinosa DM, Ford J, Selch MT (2004) Spinal lesions treated with Novalis shaped beam intensity-modulated radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy. J Neurosurg (Spine 3) 101:435–440

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. De Smedt M, Copin G, Boeri C, Dosch JC, Dupuis M, Marcellin L (1999) [A case of a aggressive giant-cell tumor with multiple bone metastases]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 85:293–296

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Deutsch M, Tersak JM (2004) Radiotherapy for symptomatic metastases to bone in children. Am J Clin Oncol 27:128–131

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Dick HM, Bigliani LU, Michelsen WJ, Johnston AD, Stinchfield FE (1979) Adjuvant arterial embolization in the treatment of benign primary bone tumors in children. Clin Orthop 139:133–141

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Dickman CA, Apfelbaum RI (1998) Thoracoscopic microsurgical excision of a thoracic schwannoma. Case report. J Neurosurg 88:898–902

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Dieckmann C, Bruns J, Maas R (1996) [Secondary osteosarcoma in Paget disease]. Aktuelle Radiol 6:191–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Di Lorenzo N, Spallone A, Nolletti A, Nardi P (1980) Giant cell tumors of the spine: a clinical study of six cases, with emphasis on the radiological features, treatment, and follow-up. Neurosurgery 6:29–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. DiSclafani A II, Canale DJ (1985) Communicating spinal arachnoid cysts: diagnosis by delayed metrizamide computed tomography. Surg Neurol 23:428–430

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Doherty PF, Sherman BA, Stein C, White R (1993) Bilateral synovial cysts of the thoracic spine: a case report. Surg Neurol 39:279–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Doita M, Harada T, Iguchi T, Sumi M, Sha H, Yoshiya S, Kurosaka M (2003) Total sacrectomy and reconstruction for sacral tumors. Spine 28:E296–E301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Doita M, Nishida K, Miura J, Takada T, Kurosaka M, Fujii M (2003) Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of a thoracic spinal extradural arachnoid cyst: an alternative suggestion for exacerbation of symptoms during straining. Spine 28:E229–E233

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Doppman JL, Oldfield EH, Heiss JD (2000) Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas: treatment by means of direct intralesional injection of ethanol. Radiology 214:341–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Eguchi T, Tamaki N, Kurata H (1999) Endoscopy of the spinal cord: cadaveric study and clinical experience. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 42:146–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Eimoto T, Yanaka M, Kurosawa M, Ikeya F (1978) Plasma cell granuloma (inflammatory pseudotumor) of the spinal cord meninges: report of a case. Cancer 41:1929–1936

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Elias A, Ryan L, Sulkes A, Collins J, Aisner J, Antman KH (1989) Response to mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine in 108 patients with metastatic or unresectable sarcoma and no prior chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 7:1208–1216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. El-Mahdi MA (1977) Arachnoid cyst and cord compression in association with tangential shrapnel injuries of the spine. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 20:1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. El-Mahdy W, Kane PJ, Powell MP, Crockard HA (1999) Spinal intradural tumours: part I — extramedullary. Br J Neurosurg 13:550–557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Enneking WF (1986) A system of staging musculoskeletal neoplasms. Clin Orthop 204:9–24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Epstein NE (2004) Lumbar laminectomy for the resection of synovial cysts and coexisting lumbar spinal stenosis or degenerative spondylolisthesis: an outcome study. Spine 29:1049–1055; discussion 1056

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Epstein NE, Hollingsworth R (1993) Synovial cyst of the cervical spine. J Spinal Disord 6:182–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Ersahin Y, Yildizhan A, Seber N (1993) Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst. Childs Nerv Syst 9:250–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Estourgie SH, Nielsen GP, Ott MJ (2002) Metastatic patterns of extremity myxoid liposarcoma and their outcome. J Surg Oncol 80:89–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Eustacchio S, Trummer M, Unger F, Flaschka G (2003) Intraspinal synovial cyst at the craniocervical junction. Zentralbl Neurochir 64:86–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Evans A, Stoodley N, Halpin S (2002) Magnetic resonance imaging of intraspinal cystic lesions: a pictorial review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 31:79–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Faccioli F, Lima J, Bricolo A (1985) One-stage decompression and stabilization in the treatment of spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Sci 29:199–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Fardon DF, Simmons JD (1989) Gas-filled intraspinal synovial cyst. A case report. Spine 14:127–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Faul CM, Flickinger JC (1995) The use of radiation in the management of spinal metastases. J Neurooncol 23:149–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Feldenzer JA, McGanley JL, McGillicuddy JE (1989) Sacral and presacral tumors: problems in diagnosis and management. Neurosurgery 25:884–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Feldmann JL, Guedri M, Ohana N, Menkes CJ, Amor B (1984) [Solitary spinal plasmacytoma]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 135:259–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Fidler MW (1986) Anterior decompression and stabilization of metastatic spinal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 68:83–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Fidler MW (2001) Surgical treatment of giant cell tumours of the thoracic and lumbar spine: report of nine patients. Eur Spine J 10:69–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Findlay GFG (1984) Adverse effects of the management of malignant spinal cord compression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 47:761–768

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Fink LH, Meriwether MW (1979) Primary epidural Ewing’s sarcoma presenting as a lumbar disc protrusion. Case report. J Neurosurg 51:120–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Fiumara E, D’Angelo V, Florio FP, Nardella M, Bisceglia M (1996) Preoperative embolization in surgical treatment of spinal thoracic dumbbell schwannoma. A case report. J Neurosurg Sci 40:153–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Flemming DJ, Murphey MD, Carmichael BB, Bernard SA (2000) Primary tumors of the spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 4:299–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Fortuna A, Nolletti A, Nardi P, Caruso R (1981) Spinal neurinomas and meningiomas in children. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 55:329–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Fourney DR, Gokaslan ZL (2003) Current management of sacral chordoma. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 9

    Google Scholar 

  177. Fourney DR, Schomer DF, Nader R, Chlan-Fourney J, Suki D, Ahrar K, Rhines LD, Gokaslan ZL (2003) Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for painful vertebral body fractures in cancer patients. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 98:21–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Fox M, Onofrio B (1993) The natural history and management of symptomatic and asymptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. J Neurosurg 78:36–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Franck JI, King RB, Petro GR, Kanzer MD (1987) A posttraumatic lumbar spinal synovial cyst. Case report. J Neurosurg 66:293–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Franke J, Mahlfeld K, Grasshoff H (2002) [Results after resection of juxta-facet-cysts — Which role does a segmental instability play?]. Zentralbl Chir 127:497–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Fransen P, Pizzolato GP, Otten P, Reverdin A, Lagier R, de Tribolet N (1997) Synovial cyst and degeneration of the transverse ligament: an unusual cause of high cervical myelopathy. Case report. J Neurosurg 86:1027–1030

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Freidberg SR, Fellows T, Thomas CB, Mancall AC (1994) Experience with symptomatic spinal epidural cysts. Neurosurgery 34:989–993; discussion 993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Friedman M, Kim TH, Panahon AM (1976) Spinal cord compression in malignant lymphoma. Treatment and results. Cancer 37:1485–1491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Fritz RC, Kaiser JA, White AH, DeLong WB, Gamburd RS (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging of a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst. Spine 19:487–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Fuentes JM, Benezech J (1989) [Strategy of the surgical treatment of primary tumors of the spine]. Neurochirurgie 35:323–327, 352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Fujimura M, Kusaka Y, Shirane R (2003) Spinal lipoma associated with terminal syringohydromyelia and a spinal arachnoid cyst in a patient with cloacal exstrophy. Childs Nerv Syst 19:254–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Fujita T, Kawahara N, Matsumoto T, Tomita K (1999) Chordoma in the cervical spine managed with en bloc excision. Spine 24:1848–1851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Gaiger AM, Soule EH, Newton WA Jr (1981) Pathology of rhabdomyosarcoma: experience of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, 1972–78. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr:19–27

    Google Scholar 

  189. Gaitanis IN, Hadjipavlou AG, Katonis PG, Tzermiadianos MN, Pasku DS, Patwardhan AG (2005) Balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of pathological vertebral compression fractures. Eur Spine J 14:250–260

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Garcia-Bravo A, Sanchez-Enriquez J, Mendez-Suarez JL, Melian-Suarez A, Miranda-Calderin G (2002) Secondary tetraplegia due to giant-cell tumors of the cervical spine. Neurochirurgie 48:527–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. George B, Laurian C (1980) Surgical approach to the whole length of the vertebral artery with special reference to the third portion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 51:259–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. George B, Lot G (1995) Neurinomas of the first two cervical nerve roots: a series of 42 cases. J Neurosurg 82:917–923

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. George B, Laurian C, Keravel Y, Cophignon J (1985) Extradural and hourglass cervical neurinomas: the vertebral artery problem. Neurosurgery 16:591–594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. George B, Zerah M, Lot G, Hurth M (1993) Oblique transcorporeal approach to anteriorly located lesions in the cervical spinal canal. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 121:187–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Gerson JM, Jaffe N, Donaldson MH, Tefft M (1978) Meningeal seeding from rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck with base of the skull invasion: recognition of the clinical evolution and suggestions for management. Med Pediatr Oncol 5:137–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Ghogawala Z, Mansfield FL, Borges LF (2001) Spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affects outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression. Spine 26:818–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Giehl JP, Kluba T (1999) Metastatic spine disease in renal cell carcinoma — indication and results of surgery. Anticancer Res 19:1619–1624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Gilbert RW, Kim JH, Posner JB (1978) Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor; diagnosis and treatment. Ann Neurol 3:40–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Gokaslan ZL, York JE, Walsh GL, McCutcheon IE, Lang FF, Putnam JB Jr, Wildrick DM, Swisher SG, Abi-Said D, Sawaya R (1998) Transthoracic vertebrectomy for metastatic spinal tumors. J Neurosurg 89:599–609

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Gottfried ON, Schloesser PE, Schmidt MH, Stevens EA (2004) Embolization of metastatic spinal tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:391–399

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Goyal M, Mishra NK, Sharma A, Gaikwad SB, Mohanty BK, Sharma S (1999) Alcohol ablation of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:1091–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Graham E, Lenke LG, Hannallah D, Lauryssen C (2001) Myelopathy induced by a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst: case report and review of the literature. Spine 26: E392–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Grant R, Papadopoulos SM, Sandler HM, Greenberg HS (1994) Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: current concepts of treatment. J Neurooncol 19:79–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Graziani N, Bouillot P, Figarella-Branger D, Dufour H, Peragut JC, Grisoli F (1994) Cavernous angiomas and arteriovenous malformations of the spinal epidural space: report of 11 cases. Neurosurgery 35:856–863; discussion 863–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Greenspan A (1993) Benign bone-forming lesions: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. Clinical, imaging, pathologic, and differential considerations. Skelet Radiol 22:485–500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Greinacher I, Gutjahr P (1978) [Vertebral changes in histiocytosisx]. Radiologe 18:228–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Griffet J, Perraud L, Lacour C, Paquis P, Grellier P (1987) Chordome du rachis cervical. Rev Chir Orthop Suppl II 74:299–301

    Google Scholar 

  208. Grillo HC, Ojemann RG, Scannell JG, Zervas NT (1983) Combined approach to “dumbbell” intrathoracic and intraspinal neurogenic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 36:402–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Grisoli F, Vincentelli F, Sedan R, Hassoun J, Caruso G, Salpietro F (1988) Hemangiopericytomas of the spinal canal. Report of four cases and review of literature. J Neurosurg Sci 32:69–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Grubb MR, Currier BL, Pritchard DJ, Ebersold MJ (1994) Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the spine. Spine 19:309–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Grundfest-Broniatowski S, Fazio V, Marks K, Levin H (1988) [Diagnosis and treatment of sacral and retrorectal tumors. II]. Chirurg 59:343–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Guest C, Wang EH, Davis A, Langer F, O’Sullivan B, Noria S, Bell RS ((1993) Paraspinal soft-tissue sarcoma. Classification of 14 cases. Spine 18:1292–1297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Guo W, Xu WP, Yang RL, Tang XD (2003) [The surgical management of sacral tumors]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 41:827–831

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Gupta RK, Phadke RV, Srivastava DN, Jain VK, Gujral RB (1992) CT demonstration of complex dorsal spinal dysraphism. Australas Radiol 36:2–3

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Guthkelch AN (1948) Haemangiomas involving the spinal epidural space. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 11:199–210

    Google Scholar 

  216. Gutin PH, Leibel SA, Hosobuchi Y, Crumley RL, Edwards MS, Wilson CB, Lamb S, Weaver KA (1987) Brachytherapy of recurrent tumors of the skull base and spine with iodine-125 sources. Neurosurgery 20:938–945

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Hagen T, Daschner H, Lensch T (2001) [Juxta-facet cysts: magnetic resonance tomography diagnosis]. Radiologe 41:1056–1062

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Haher TR, Merola AA (2003) Surgical techniques for the spine. Thieme, New York

    Google Scholar 

  219. Han PP, Dickman CA (2002) Thoracoscopic resection of thoracic neurogenic tumors. J Neurosurg (Spine 3) 96:304–308

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Harrington KD (1984) Anterior cord compression and spinal stabilization for patients with metastatic lesions of the spine. J Neurosurg 61:107–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Harris DJ, Fornasier VL, Livingston KE (1978) Hemangiopericytoma of the spinal canal. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 49:914–920

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Harrison MJ, Eisenberg MB, Ullman JS, Oppenheim JS, Camins MB, Post KD (1995) Symptomatic cavernous malformations affecting the spine and spinal cord. Neurosurgery 37:195–204; discussion 204–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Hart RA, Boriani S, Biagini R, Currier B, Weinstein JN (1997) A system for surgical staging and management of spine tumors. A clinical outcome study of giant cell tumors of the spine. Spine 22:1773–1782; discussion 1783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Hasegawa M, Fujisawa H, Hayashi Y, Tachibana O, Kida S, Yamashita J (2001) Surgical pathology of spinal schwannomas: a light and electron microscopic analysis of tumor capsules. Neurosurgery 49:1388–1392; discussion 1392–1383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Hatashita S, Kondo A, Shimizu T, Kurosu A, Ueno H (2001) Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst — case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 41:318–321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Healey JH, Lane JM (1989) Chordoma: a critical review of diagnosis and treatment. Orthop Clin North Am 20:417–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Heary F, Bono CM (2001) Metastatic spinal tumors. Neurosurg Focus 11:Article 1

    Google Scholar 

  228. Heary RF, Vaccaro AR, Benevenia J, Cotler JM (1998) “En-bloc” vertebrectomy in the mobile lumbar spine. Surg Neurol 50:548–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Heidecke V, Rainov NG, Burkert W (2003) Results and outcome of neurosurgical treatment for extradural metastases in the cervical spine. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145:873–881

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Helweg-Larsen S, Sorensen PS (1994) Symptoms and signs in metastatic spinal cord compression: a study of progression from first symptom until diagnosis in 153 patients. Eur J Cancer 30A:396–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Heppner F, Clarici G (1984) Die operative Therapie der Wirbeltumoren aus neurochirurgischer Sicht. In: Die Wirbelsäule in Forschung und Praxis. Band 103. Tumoren der Wirbelsäule. Schmitt E (ed) Hippokrates Verlag, Berlin, pp 175–182

    Google Scholar 

  232. Hermann G, Sacher M, Lanzieri CF, Anderson PJ, Rabinowitz JG (1985) Chondrosarcoma of the spine: an unusual radiographic presentation. Skeletal Radiol 14:178–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Hervas Benito I, Perez Velasco R, Vera Espallardo F, Bello Arques P, Saura Quiles A, Gonzalez Cabezas P, Mateo Navarro A (2001) [Bone scintigraphy in two cases of primary vertebral osteosarcoma in adults]. Rev Esp Med Nucl 20:299–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Heyd R, Strassmann G, Filipowicz I, Borowsky K, Martin T, Zamboglou N (2001) [Radiotherapy in vertebral hemangioma]. Röntgenpraxis 53:208–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Higginbotham NL, Phillips RF, Farr HW, Hustu HO (1967) Chordoma: thirty-five year study at Memorial Hospital. Cancer 20:1841–1850

    Google Scholar 

  236. Hillman J, Bynke O (1991) Solitary extradural cavernous hemangiomas in the spinal canal. Report of five cases. Surg Neurol 36:19–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Hirsh LF, Thanki A, Spector HB (1984) Primary spinal chondrosarcoma with eighteen-year follow-up: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery 14:747–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Hoffmann RT, Jakobs TF, Wallnofer A, Reiser MF, Helmberger TK (2003) [Percutaneous vertebroplasty (pv): indications, contraindications, and technique]. Radiologe 43:709–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Holman PJ, Suki D, McCutcheon I, Wolinsky JP, Rhines LD, Gokaslan ZL (2005) Surgical management of metastatic disease of the lumbar spine: experience with 139 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2:550–563

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  240. Hosono N, Yonenobu K, Fuji T, Ebara S, Yamashita K, Ono K (1995) Vertebral body replacement with a ceramic prosthesis for metastatic spinal tumors. Spine 20:2454–2462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Houten JK, Sanderson SP, Cooper PR (2003) Spontaneous regression of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg Spine 99:235–238

    Google Scholar 

  242. Howington JU, Connolly ES, Voorhies RM (1999) Intraspinal synovial cysts: 10-year experience at the Ochsner Clinic. J Neurosurg Spine 91:193–199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Hsu KY, Zucherman JF, Shea WJ, Jeffrey RA (1995) Lumbar intraspinal synovial and ganglion cysts (facet cysts) Ten-year experience in evaluation and treatment. Spine 20:80–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Hu YG (1993) Intraspinal tumor in the higher cervical region. Chung Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih 31:73–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Huth JF, Dawson EG, Eilber FR (1984) Abdominosacral resection for malignant tumors of the sacrum. Am J Surg 148:157–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Ido K, Matsuoka H, Urushidani H (2002) Effectiveness of a transforaminal surgical procedure for spinal extradural arachnoid cyst in the upper lumbar spine. J Clin Neurosci 9:694–696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Ijiri K, Yuasa S, Yone K, Matsunaga S, Ryoki Y, Taniguchi N, Yonezawa S, Komiya S (2002) Primary epidural hemangiopericytoma in the lumbar spine: a case report. Spine 27:E189–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Ilaslan H, Sundaram M, Unni KK, Dekutoski MB (2004) Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the vertebral column. Skeletal Radiol

    Google Scholar 

  249. Ilaslan H, Sundaram M, Unni KK, Shives TC (2004) Primary vertebral osteosarcoma: imaging findings. Radiology 230:697–702

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  250. Imai K, Nakamura K, Inokuchi K, Oda H (1998) Aspiration of intraspinal synovial cyst: recurrence after temporal improvement. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 118:103–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Imai R, Kamada T, Tsuji H, Yanagi T, Baba M, Miyamoto T, Kato S, Kandatsu S, Mizoe J, Tsuji H, Tatezaki S (2004) Carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable sacral chordomas. Clin Cancer Res 10:5741–5746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Inoue H, Nishinaka K, Urushitani M, Udaka F, Kameyama M (1996) [A case of a thoracic extradural arachnoid cyst presenting with slowly progressive muscle weakness in the right upper and lower limbs]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 36:47–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Irger IM, Petukhov SS (1976) [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hourglass shaped tumors of cervical localization]. Vopr Neirokhir 6:7–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  254. Ishii K, Chiba K, Watanabe M, Yabe H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y (2002) Local recurrence after S2-3 sacrectomy in sacral chordoma. Report of four cases. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 97:98–101

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  255. Isu T, Iwasaki Y, Akino M, Abe H, Tashiro K, Miyasaka K, Saito H, Nomura M (1987) [Diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the spinal cord — studies on delayed CT myelography and MRI]. No Shinkei Geka 15:725–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Isu T, Iizuka T, Iwasaki Y, Nagashima M, Akino M, Abe H (1991) Spinal cord herniation associated with an intradural spinal arachnoid cyst diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 29:137–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Iwasaki M, Nakamura K, Takeshita K, Kawaguchi H, Akune T, Hoshino Y (1998) Surgical management of giant schwannoma in the lumbosacral region. J Spinal Disord 11:444–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Iwasaki Y, Nakagawa T, Koiwa M (1978) [A case of cervical extradural neurinoma with vertebral artery occlusion]. No Shinkei Geka 6:701–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Jabre A, Shahbabian S, Keller JT (1987) Synovial cyst of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 20:316–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Jackson RP (1978) Recurrent osteoblastoma: a review. Clin Orthop 131:229–233

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  261. Jacobs WB, Perrin RG (2001) Evaluation and treatment of spinal metastases: an overview. Neurosurg Focus 11: Article 10

    Google Scholar 

  262. Jang JS, Lee SH (2005) Efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with radiotherapy in osteolytic metastatic spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Spine 2:243–248

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. Jansson KA, Bauer HC (2006) Survival, complications and outcome of 282 patients operated for neurological deficit due to thoracic or lumbar spinal metastases. Eur Spine J 15:196–202

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  264. Jayakumar PN, Vasudev MK, Srikanth SG (1997) Symptomatic vertebral haemangioma: endovascular treatment of 12 patients. Spinal Cord 35:624–628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Jena A, Gupta RK, Sharma A, Prakesh VE, Khushu S (1990) Magnetic resonance diagnosis of spinal arachnoid cyst. A report of two cases. Childs Nerv Syst 6:107–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Jeremic B, Grujicic D, Cirovic V, Djuric L, Mijatovic L (1991) Radiotherapy of metastatic spinal cord compression. Acta Oncol 30:985–986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Jinnai T, Hoshimaru M, Koyama T (2005) Clinical characteristics of spinal nerve sheath tumors: analysis of 149 cases. Neurosurgery 56:510–515

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  268. Job-Deslandre C, Gagnerie F, Revel M, Chevrot A, Amor B, Menkes CJ (1989) [Sciatica caused by a posterior articular cyst. Apropos of 8 cases]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 56:731–734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Jost SC, Hsien Tu P, Wright NM (2003) Symptomatic intraosseous synovial cyst in the cervical spine: a case report. Spine 28:E344–346

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  270. Kadri PA, Mello PM, Olivera JG, Braga FM (2002) [Primary lumbar epidural Ewing’s sarcoma: case reporrt]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 60:145–149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  271. Kaiser TE, Pritchard DJ, Unni KK (1984) Clinicopathological study of sacrococcygeal chordoma. Cancer 53:2574–2578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Kalinichenko LV, Vesnin AG, Murenkov OV, Kochnev VA (1988) [Difficulties of differential roentgeno-diagnosis of aneurysmal cysts and tumors of flat bones and the spine]. Vopr Onkol 34:1166–1171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Kamata M, Satomi K, Hirabayashi K, Ueno M, Asazuma T, Fujimura Y (1992) A congenital spinal arachnoid diverticulum expanded into the retropleural cavity. A case report and short literature review. Spine 17:854–857

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Kaneko K, Inoue Y (2000) Haemorrhagic lumbar synovial cyst. A cause of acute radiculopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:583–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Karparov M, Kitov D (1977) Aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 39:101–113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Kaspers GJ, Kamphorst W, van de Graaff M, van Alphen HA, Veerman AJ (1991) Primary spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 68:648–654

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Katagiri H, Takahashi M, Inagaki J, Kobayashi H, Sugiura H, Yamamura S, Iwata H (1998) Clinical results of nonsurgical treatment for spinal metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:1127–1132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Kaufmann AM, Halliday WC, West M, Fewer D, Ross I (1996) Periodontoid synovial cyst causing cervico-medullary compression. Can J Neurol Sci 23:227–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Kawahara N, Tomita K, Matsumoto T, Fujita T (1998) Total en bloc spondylectomy for primary malignant vertebral tumors. Chir Organi Mov 83:73–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Kendall BE, Valentine AR, Keis B (1982) Spinal arachnoid cysts: clinical and radiological correlation with prognosis. Neuroradiology 22:225–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Khalfallah M, Malca S, Roche PH, Duffaud F, Soumare O, Garbe L, Pellet W (1997) [Primary spinal osteosarcomas]. Neurochirurgie 43:28–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Khan AM, Synnot K, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP (2005) Lumbar synovial cysts of the spine. An evaluation of surgical outcome. J Spinal Disord Tech 18:127–131

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  283. Khan DC, Malhotra S, Stevens RE, Steinfeld AD (1999) Radiotherapy for the treatment of giant cell tumor of the spine: a report of six cases and review of the literature. Cancer Invest 17:110–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Khaw FM, Worthy SA, Gibson MJ, Gholkar A (1999) The appearance on MRI of vertebrae in acute compression of the spinal cord due to metastases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:830–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Khurana JS, Rosenthal DI, Rosenberg AE, Mankin HJ (1989) Skeletal metastases in liposarcoma detectable only by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop Relat Res 243:204–207

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  286. Kim CH, Bak KH, Kim JM, Kim NK (1999) Symptomatic sacral extradural arachnoid cyst associated with lumbar intradural arachnoid cyst. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 101:148–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Kim DH, Henn JS, Vaccaro A, Dickmann CA (2005) Surgical anatomy and techniques to the spine. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  288. Kim RY, Smith JW, Spencer SA, Meredith RF, Salter MM (1993) Malignant epidural spinal cord compression associated with a paravertebral mass: its radiotherapeutic outcome on radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27:1079–1083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Kimura S, Kawaguchi S, Wada T, Nagoya S, Yamashita T, Kikuchi K (2002) Rhabdomyosarcoma arising from a dormant dumbbell ganglioneuroma of the lumbar spine: a case report. Spine 27:E513–517

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  290. King GJ, Kostuik JP, McBroom RJ, Richardson W (1991) Surgical management of metastatic renal carcinoma of the spine. Spine 16:265–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Kingdom TT, Nockels RP, Kaplan MJ (1995) Transoraltranspharyngeal approach to the craniocervical junction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113:393–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Kirwan EO, Hutton PA, Pozo JL, Ransford AO (1984) Osteoid osteoma and benign osteoblastoma of the spine. Clinical presentation and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 66:21–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Kitamura J, Hida K, Seki T, Iwasaki Y (2002) [Giant, invasive sacral schwannoma extending to the 4th lumbar spine]. No Shinkei Geka 30:1203–1208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  294. Klimo P, Schmidt MH (2004) Surgical management of spinal metastases. Oncologist 9:188–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  295. Klimo P, Dailey AT, Fessler RG (2004) Posterior surgical approaches and outcomes in metastatic spine-disease. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:425–435

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  296. Kluger P, Korge A, Scharf HP (1997) Strategy for the treatment of patients with spinal neoplasms. Spinal Cord 35:429–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Knöringer P (1986) Osteosynthesis in patients with malignant tumors of the cervical vertebral column: indications, technique, and results. Adv Neurosurg 14:125–132

    Google Scholar 

  298. Kochbati L, Ben Romdhane NK, Mrad K, Nasr C, Ben Salah DE, Ben Romdhane K, Maalej M (2004) [Solitary bone plasmocytoma: treatment and outcome features]. Cancer Radiother 8:70–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Kostuik JP, Errico TJ, Gleason TF, Errico CC (1988) Spinal stabilization of vertebral column tumors. Spine 13:250–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Krepler P, Windhager R, Bretschneider W, Toma CD, Kotz R (2002) Total vertebrectomy for primary malignant tumours of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:712–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Krepler P, Windhager R, Toma CD, Kitz K, Kotz R (2003) Dura resection in combination with en bloc spondylectomy for primary malignant tumors of the spine. Spine 28:E334–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Krings T, Lukas R, Reul J, Spetzger U, Reinges MH, Gilsbach JM, Thron A (2001) Diagnostic and therapeutic management of spinal arachnoid cysts. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143:227–234; discussion 234–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Kruse R, Simon RG, Stanton R, Grissom LE, Conard K (1997) Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the cervical spine in a child. Am J Orthop 26:279–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Kuga D, Shono T, Miyazono M, Sasaki T (2004) [Vertebral hemangioma extending into the spinal canal: case report]. No Shinkei Geka 32:43–47

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  305. Kujas M, Lopes M, Lalam TF, Fohanno D, Poirier J (1999) Infiltrating extradural spinal angiolipoma. Clin Neuropathol 18:93–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Kumar PP, Good RR, Skultety FM, Masih AS, McComb RD (1987) Spinal metastases from pituitary hemangiopericytic meningioma. Am J Clin Oncol 10:422–428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Kumar R, Taha J, Greiner AL (1995) Herniation of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg 82:131–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Kurose K, Kishi H, Sadatoh T (1989) [Spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma. Case report]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29:538–542

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Labauge R, Pages M, Testard D, Privat JM (1989) [Extradural arachnoid cyst of the dorsal region with relapsing and recurrent development]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 145:405–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Lafforgue P, Clairet D, Chagnaud C, Toussirot E, Daumen-Legre V, Schiano A, Bayle O, Kasbarian M, Acquaviva PC (1992) [Aspects and role of spinal MRI in the assessment of solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Apropos of 11 cases]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 59:317–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Lam CH, Nagib MG (2002) Nonteratomatous tumors in the pediatric sacral region. Spine 27:E284–287

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  312. Landmann C, Hünig R, Gratzl O ((1992) The role of laminectomy in the combined treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24:627–631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Landreneau FE, Landreneau RJ, Keenan RJ, Ferson PF (1995) Diagnosis and management of spinal metastases from breast cancer. J Neurooncol 23:121–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Le H, Balabhadra R, Park J, Kim D (2003) Surgical treatment of tumors involving the cervicothoracic junction. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 3

    Google Scholar 

  315. Le Breton C, Meziou M, Laredo JD, Amouroux J, Mazabraud A, Bigot JM, Tubiana JM (1993) [Sarcoma of the spine in Paget’s disease of bone. Apropos of 8 casees]. Rev Rhum Ed Fr 60:16–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  316. Le Charpentier Y, Bellefqih S, Boisnic S, Roy-Camille R (1988) [Chordomas]. Ann Pathol 8:25–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  317. Lee JP, Wang AD, Wai YY, Ho YS (1990) Spinal extradural cavernous hemangioma. Surg Neurol 34:345–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Lee S, Hadlow AT (1999) Extraosseous extension of vertebral hemangioma, a rare cause of spinal cord compression. Spine 24:2111–2114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Lee ST, Lui TN, Tsai MD (1989) Primary intraspinal dura mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Surg Neurol 31:54–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Leeson MC, Zechmann JP (1993) Metastatic carcinoma of the spine with neurologic complications: an autopsy review. Orthopedics 16:1119–1122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Leone A, Costantini A, Guglielmi G, Settecasi C, Priolo F (2000) Primary bone tumors and pseudotumors of the lumbosacral spine. Rays 25:89–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Lepage J, Rigault P, Nezelof C, Padovani JP, Pierre-Kahn A, Guyonvarc’h G(1984) [Benign osteoblastoma in children. Apropos of 8 cases, 4 with spinal localizatioon]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 70:117–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Lesoin F, Bonneterre J, Lesoin A, Jomin M (1982) [Neurologic manifestations of spinal plasmacytomas]. Neurochirurgie 28:401–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Lewandrowski KU, Hecht AC, DeLaney TF, Chapman PA, Hornicek FJ, Pedlow FX (2004) Anterior spinal arthrodesis with structural cortical allografts and instrumentation for spine tumor surgery. Spine 29:1150–1158; discussion 1159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  325. Lin YJ, Tu YK, Lin SM, Shun CT (1996) Primary hemangiopericytoma in the axis bone: case report and review of literature. Neurosurgery 39:397–399; discussion 399–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Lingg G, Roessner A, Telgmann CL, Karbowski A, Peters PE, Grundmann E (1986) [X-ray morphology and pathologic anatomy of osteoblastoma]. ROFO Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 145:49–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Liu JK, Apfelbaum RI, Chiles BW III, Schmidt MH (2003) Cervical spinal metastasis: anterior reconstruction and stabilization techniques after tumor resection. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 2

    Google Scholar 

  328. Liu JK, Brockmeyer DL, Dailey AT, Schmidt MH (2003) Surgical management of aneurysmatic bone cysts of the spine. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 4

    Google Scholar 

  329. Liu JK, Apfelbaum RI, Schmidt MH (2004) Surgical management of cervical spinal metastasis: anterior reconstruction and stabilization techniques. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:413–424

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  330. Liu SS, Williams KD, Drayer BP, Spetzler RF, Sonntag VK (1989) Synovial cysts of the lumbosacral spine: diagnosis by MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:1239–1242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Locatelli F, Tonani P, Porta F, Zecca M, Beluffi G, Fiori P, Rosso R, Paulli M, Basso G, Invernizzi R, et al (1991) Rhabdomyosarcoma with primary osteolytic lesions simulating non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 8:159–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Lopes NM, Aesse FF, Lopes DK (1992) Compression of thoracic nerve root by a facet joint synovial cyst: case report. Surg Neurol 38:338–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Loquet E, Thibaut R, Thibaut H, Hendrickx M (1993) Surgical treatment of spinal metastases. Acta Orthop Belg 59:79–82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  334. Lot G, George B (1997) Cervical neuromas with extradural components: surgical management in a series of 57 patients. Neurosurgery 41:813–820; discussion 820–812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Lucas S, Cendan E, Auque J, Civit T, Caremelle S, Braun D (1992) [Asymptomatic giant thoracic dumbbell neurinoma. Apropos of a case]. J Chir (Paris) 129:81–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Lybeert MLM, Meerwaldt JH (1986) Chordoma. Report on treatment results in eighteen cases. Acta Radiol Oncol 25:41–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Lynn B, Watkins RG, Watkins RI, Williams LA (2000) Acute traumatic myelopathy secondary to a thoracic cyst in a professional football player. Spine 25:1593–1595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Lyons MK, Atkinson JL, Wharen RE, Deen HG, Zimmerman RS, Lemens SM (2000) Surgical evaluation and management of lumbar synovial cysts: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Neurosurg Spine 93:53–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. MacCarthy CS, Waugh JM, Coventry MB, O’sullivan DC (1961) Sacrococcygeal chordomas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 113:551–554

    Google Scholar 

  340. Maezawa Y, Baba H, Uchida K, Furusawa N, Kubota C, Yoshizawa K (2000) Spontaneous remission of a solitary intraspinal synovial cyst of the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J 9:85–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Magerl F, Jeanneret B (1988) Surgical management of tumor-related spinal instability. Recent Results Cancer Res 108:163–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Magrini SM, Papi MG, Marletta F, Tomaselli S, Cellai E, Mungai V, Biti G (1992) Chordoma — natural history, treatment and prognosis. The Florence Radiotherapy Department experience (1956–1990) and a critical review of the literature. Acta Oncol 31:847–851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Maheshwari V, Srivastava VK (1997) Benign osteoblastoma mimicking malignancy of the spine. J Postgrad Med 43:78–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Maloney WJ, Vaughan LM, Jones HH, Ross J, Nagel DA (1989) Benign metastasizing giant-cell tumor of bone. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res 243:208–215

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  345. Manke C, Bretschneider T, Lenhart M, Strotzer M, Neumann C, Gmeinwieser J, Feuerbach S (2001) Spinal metastases from renal cell carcinoma: effect of preoperative particle embolization on intraoperative blood loss. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:997–1003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Manzone P, Fiore N, Forlino D, Alcala M, Cabrera CF (1998) Chordoma of the lumbar L2 vertebra: case report and review of the literature. Eur Spine J 7:252–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Maranzano E, Latini P (1995) Effectiveness of radiation therapy without surgery in metastatic spinal cord compression: final results from a prospective trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32:959–967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Maranzano E, Latini P, Checcaglini F, Ricci S, Panizza PM, Aristei C, Perrucci E, Beneventi S, Corgna E, Tonato M (1991) Radiation therapy in metastatic spinal cord compression. A prospective analysis of 105 consecutive patients. Cancer 67:1311–1317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Maranzano E, Latini P, Checcaglini F, Perrucci E, Aristei C, Panizza BM, Ricci S (1992) Radiation therapy of spinal cord compression caused by breast cancer: report of a prospective trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24:301–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Maranzano E, Trippa F, Chirico L, Basagni ML, Rossi R (2003) Management of metastatic spinal cord compression. Tumori 89:469–475

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  351. Marchesi DG, Boos N, Aebi M (1993) Surgical treatment of tumors of the cervical spine and first two thoracic vertebrae. J Spinal Disord 6:489–496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Marmor E, Rhines LD, Weinberg JS, Gokaslan ZL (2001) Total en bloc lumbar spondylectomy. J Neurosurg 95:264–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. Marsh BW, Bonfiglio M, Brady LP, Enneking WF (1975) Benign osteoblastoma: range of manifestations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 57:1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Martenson JA, Evans RG, Lie MR, Ilstrup D, Dinapoli RP, Ebersold MJ, Earle JD (1985) Treatment outcome and complications in patients treated for malignant epidural cord compression. J Neurooncol 3:77–84

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  355. Martin G (2000) Spinal cord herniation into an extradural arachnoid cyst. J Clin Neurosci 7:330–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Martin JB, Wetzel SG, Seium Y, Dietrich PY, Somon T, Gailloud P, Payer M, Kelekis A, Ruefenacht DA (2003) Percutaneous vertebroplasty in metastatic disease: transpedicular access and treatment of lysed pedicles — initial experience. Radiology 229:593–597

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  357. Masuzawa H, Nakayama H, Shitara N, Suzuki T (1981) Spinal cord herniation into a congenital extradural arachnoid cyst causing Brown-Sequard syndrome. Case report. J Neurosurg 55:983–986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Matsui H, Tatezaki S, Tsuji H (1994) Ceramic vertebral body replacement for metastatic spine tumors. J Spinal Disord 7:248–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Mazel C, Topouchian V, Grunenwald D (2002) Effectiveness of radical resections in malignant dumbbell tumors of the thoracic spine: review of three cases. J Spinal Disord Tech 15:507–512

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  360. Mazel C, Grunenwald D, Laudrin P, Marmorat JL (2003) Radical excision in the management of thoracic and cervicothoracic tumors involving the spine: results in a series of 36 cases. Spine 28:782–792; discussion 792

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  361. Mazel C, Hoffmann E, Antonietti P, Grunenwald D, Henry M, Williams J (2004) Posterior cervicothoracic instrumentation in spine tumors. Spine 29:1246–1253

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  362. McCormick PC (1996) Surgical management of dumbbell and paraspinal tumors of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Neurosurgery 38:67–74; discussion 74–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. McCormick PC, Post KD, Stein BM (1990) Intradural extramedullary tumors in adults. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1:591–608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. McLain RF, Weinstein JN (1989) Solitary plasmacytomas of the spine: a review of 84 cases. J Spinal Disord 2:69–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. McLeod RA, Dahlin DC, Beabout JW (1976) The spectrum of osteoblastoma. Am J Roentgenol 126:321–325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. McMaster ML, Goldstein AM, Bromley CM, Ishibe N, Parry DM (2001) Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973–1995. Cancer Causes Control 12:1–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. Mena H, Ribas JL, Pezeshkpour GH, Cowan DN, Parisi JE (1991) Hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system: a review of 94 cases. Hum Pathol 22:84–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Mercader J, Munoz Gomez J, Cardenal C (1985) Intraspinal synovial cyst: diagnosis by CT. Follow-up and spontaneous remission. Neuroradiology 27:346–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Merimsky O, Kollender Y, Bokstein F, Issakov J, Flusser G, Inbar MJ, Meller I, Bickels J (2004) Radiotherapy for spinal cord compression in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:1468–1473

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  370. Metellus P, Flores-Parra I, Fuentes S, Dufour H, Adetchessi T, Do L, Bouvier C, Manera L, Grisoli F (2003) [A retrospective study of 32 lumbar synovial cysts. Clinical aspect and surgical management]. Neurochirurgie 49:73–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Meyer S, Reinhard H, Graf N, Kramann B, Schneider G (2002) Arterial embolization of a secondary aneurysmatic bone cyst of the thoracic spine prior to surgical excision in a 15-year-old girl. Eur J Radiol 43:79–81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  372. Mill WB, Griffith R (1980) The role of radiation therapy in the management of plasma cell tumors. Cancer 45:647–652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Miller SC, Lloyd RD, Bruenger FW, Krahenbuhl MP, Polig E, Romanov SA (2003) Comparisons of the skeletal locations of putative plutonium-induced osteosarcomas in humans with those in beagle dogs and with naturally occurring tumors in both species. Radiat Res 160:517–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Miravet E, Sinisterra S, Birchansky S, Papazian O, Tuite G, Grossman JA, Alfonso I (2002) Cervicothoracic extradural arachnoid cyst: possible association with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. J Child Neurol 17:770–772

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  375. Mirra SS, Tindall SC, Check IJ, Byrnes RK, Moore WW (1983) Inflammatory meningeal masses of unexplained origin: an ultrastructural and immunological study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 42:453–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. Miwa M, Doita M, Takayama H, Muratsu H, Harada T, Kurosaka M (2004) An expanding cervical synovial cyst causing acute cervical radiculopathy. J Spinal Disord Tech 17:331–333

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  377. Miyake S, Tamaki N, Nagashima T, Kurata H, Eguchi T, Kimura H (1998) Idiopathic spinal cord herniation. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 88:331–335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Mohan V, Sabri T, Marklund T, Sayed M, Gupta RP (1991) Clinicoradiological diagnosis of benign osteoblastoma of the spine in children. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 110:260–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Mondal A, Kundu B, Gupta S, Biswas J (2002) Secondary malignant giant cell tumour of bone — a study of five cases with short review of literature. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 45:273–275

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  380. Moore AJ, Uttley D (1989) Anterior decompression and stabilization of the spine in malignant disease. Neurosurgery 24:713–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Morandi X, Riffaud L, Haegelen C, Lancien G, Kerbrat P, Guegan Y (2001) [Extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma of the spinal epidural space]. Neurochirurgie 47:38–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Morello A, Tumbiolo A, Pinto G, Lo Duca B (1991) Cavernous angioma of the spinal dura. J Neurosurg Sci 35:31–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Morio Y, Yoshioka T, Nagashima H, Hagino H, Teshima R (2003) Intraspinal synovial cyst communicating with the C1-C2 facet joints and subarachnoid space associated with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability. Spine 28: E492–495

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  384. Moulopoulos LA, Dimopoulos MA, Weber D, Fuller L, Libshitz HI, Alexanian R (1993) Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone. J Clin Oncol 11:1311–1315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Mühlbauer M, Pfisterer W, Eyb R, Knosp E (2000) Noncontiguous spinal metastases and plasmocytomas should be operated on through a single posterior midline approach, and circumferential decompression should be performed with individualized reconstruction. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142:1219–1230

    Google Scholar 

  386. Mukhopadhyay P, Gairola M, Sharma M, Thulkar S, Julka P, Rath G (2001) Primary spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma: report of five cases and literature review. Australas Radiol 45:372–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Muller JP, Destee A, Verier A, Lesoin F, Krivosic I, Jomin M, Warot P (1986) [Intraspinal hemangiopericytoma. 2 cases and review of the literature]. Neurochirurgie 32:140–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Mummaneni PV, Haid RW (2005) Transoral odontoidectomy. Neurosurgery 56:1045–1050

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  389. Munzenrider JE, Liebsch NJ (1999) Proton therapy for tumors of the skull base. Strahlenther Onkol 175Suppl 2:57–63

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  390. Muraszko KM, Antunes JL, Hilal SK, Michelsen WJ (1982) Hemangiopericytomas of the spine. Neurosurgery 10:473–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Murphey MD, Andrews CL, Flemming DJ, Temple TH, Smith WS, Smirniotopoulos JG (1996) From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumorsofe spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Radiographics 16:1131–1158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Muzumdar D, Desai K, Goel A, Shenoy A (2000) Unusual massive neurinoma in the suboccipital region — case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 40:280–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. Myles LM, Gupta N, Armstrong D, Rutka JT (1999) Multiple extradural arachnoid cysts as a cause of spinal cord compression in a child. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 91:116–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Myles ST, MacRae ME (1988) Benign osteoblastoma of the spine in childhood. J Neurosurg 68:884–888

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Nagasawa S, Ohtsuki H (1991) [A case of C2 neurinoma suffering syncopal episodes]. No Shinkei Geka 19:589–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Nagasawa S, Ohta T, Kajimoto Y, Aoki J, Onomura T, Miyaji Y (1994) Giant neurinoma occupying the holocervical and upper thoracic regions: case report. Surg Neurol 42:157–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Nemoto O, Moser RP Jr, Van Dam BE, Aoki J, Gilkey FW (1990) Osteoblastoma of the spine. A review of 75 cases. Spine 15:1272–1280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Nijensohn E, Russell EJ, Milan M, Brown T (1990) Calcified synovial cyst of the cervical spine: CT and MR evaluation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:473–476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Noel G, Habrand JL, Jauffret E, de Crevoisier R, Dederke S, Mammar H, Haie-Meder C, Pontvert D, Hasboun D, Ferrand R, Boisserie G, Beaudre A, Gaboriaud G, Guedea F, Petriz L, Mazeron JJ (2003) Radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base and the cervical spine. Prognostic factors and patterns of failure. Strahlenther Onkol 179:241–248

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  400. Nonaka M, Kohmura E, Hirata M, Hayakawa T (1998) Metastatic meningeal hemangiopericytoma of thoracic spine. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 100:228–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. North RB, LaRocca VR, Schwartz J, North CA, Zahurak M, Davis RF, McAfee PC (2005) Surgical management of spinal metastases: analysis of prognostic factors during a 10-year experience. J Neurosurg Spine 2:564–573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  402. Nottebaert M, Von Hochstetter AR, Exner GU, Schreiber U (1987) Metastatic carcinoma of the spine. A study of 92 cases. Int Orthop 11:345–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Nowakowski VA, Castro JK, Petti PL, Collier JM, Dattari I, Ahn D, Gauger G, Sutin P, Linstadt DE, Phillips TL (1991) Charged particle radiotherapy of paraspinal tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 22:295–303

    Google Scholar 

  404. Obenberger J, Seidl Z, Plas J (1999) Osteoblastoma in lumbar vertebral body. Neuroradiology 41:279–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Oda Y, Miura H, Tsuneyoshi M, Iwamoto Y (1998) Giant cell tumor of bone: oncological and functional results of long-term follow-up. Jpn J Clin Oncol 28:323–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Oe T, Hoshino Y, Kurokawa T (1990) [A case of idiopathic herniation of the spinal cord associated with duplicated dura mater and with an arachnoid cyst]. Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 64:43–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Oertel MF, Ryang Y, Ince A, Gilsbach JM, Rohde V (2003) Microsurgical therapy of symptomatic lumbar juxta facet cysts. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 46:349–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Ogihara Y, Sekiguchi K, Tsuruta T (1984) Osteogenic sarcoma of the fourth thoracic vertebra. Long-term survival by chemotherapy only. Cancer 53:2615–2618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Ogura T, Mori M, Hayashida T, Osawa T, Hase H (2002) Spinal reconstruction for symptomatic thoracic haemangioma using a titanium cage. Postgrad Med J 78:559–561

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Okamoto K, Doita M, Yoshikawa M, Manabe M, Sha N, Yoshiya S (2004) Synovial cyst at the C1-C2 junction in a patient with atlantoaxial subluxation. J Spinal Disord Tech 17:535–538

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  411. O’Neill P, Bell BA, Miller JD, Jacobson I, Guthrie W (1985) Fifty years of experience with chordomas in Southeast Scotland. Neurosurgery 16:166–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. Osborn JL, Getzenberg RH, Trump DL (1995) Spinal cord compression in prostate cancer. J Neurooncol 23:135–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Ozaki T, Hillmann A, Winkelmann W (1997) Surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal chordoma. J Surg Oncol 64:274–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Ozaki T, Flege S, Liljenqvist U, Hillmann A, Delling G, Salzer-Kuntschik M, Jurgens H, Kotz R, Winkelmann W, Bielack SS (2002) Osteosarcoma of the spine: experience of the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group. Cancer 94:1069–1077

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  415. Ozaki T, Liljenqvist U, Halm H, Hillmann A, Gosheger G, Winkelmann W (2002) Giant cell tumor of the spine. Clin Orthop 401:194–201

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  416. Padolecchia R, Acerbi G, Puglioli M, Collavoli PL, Ravelli V, Caciagli P (1998) Epidural spinal cavernous hemangioma. Spine 23:1136–1140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. Padovani R, Acciarri R, Giulioni M, Pantieri R, Foschini MP (1997) Cavernous angiomas of the spinal district: surgical treatment of 11 patients. Eur Spine J 6:298–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. Panteli K, Tsiara S, Bourantas KL (2002) Solitary bone plasmacytoma in a young patient. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21:139–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. Parlier-Cuau C, Wybier M, Laredo JD (1997) [Secret information provided by lumbosacral myelography]. Ann Radiol (Paris) 40:215–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Parlier-Cuau C, Wybier M, Nizard R, Champsaur P, Le Hir P, Laredo JD (1999) Symptomatic lumbar facet joint synovial cysts: clinical assessment of facet joint steroid injection after 1 and 6 months and long-term follow-up in 30 patients. Radiology 210:509–513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  421. Pasquier B, Vasdev A, Gasnier F, Chirossel JP, Keddari E, Pasquier D, Crouzet G, Couderc P (1984) [Epidural angiolipoma: a rare and curable cause of spinal cord compression]. Ann Pathol 4: 365–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Pastushyn AI, Slin’ko EI, Mirzoyeva GM (1998) Vertebral hemangiomas: diagnosis, management, natural history and clinicopathological correlates in 86 patients. Surg Neurol 50:535–547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. Patel SC, Sanders WP (1988) Synovial cyst of the cervical spine: case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 9:602–603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Pearlman AW, Friedman M (1970) Radical radiation therapy of chordoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 108:333–341

    Google Scholar 

  425. Pereira P, Duarte F, Lamas R, Vaz R (2001) Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: case report and literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143:401–406

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. Perrin RG, Laxton AW (2004) Metastatic spine disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and evaluation of patients. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15:365–373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  427. Perrin RG, McBroom RJ, Perrin RG (1991) Metastatic tumors of the cervical spine. Clin Neurosurg 37:740–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. Pertuiset E, Bellaiche L, Liote F, Laredo JD (1996) Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in plasma cell dyscrasias. A review. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 63:837–845

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. Peters ND (1987) Chordomas: a review. Early diagnosis and complete removal offer potential for cure. R I Med J 70:173–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. Pettine KA, Klassen RA (1986) Osteoid-osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68:354–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. Peyrade F, Bondiau PY, Lebrun C, Pivot X, de Jaureguibery JP, Thyss A (1995) [Vertebral osteosarcoma. Review of the literature apropos of a case]. Bull Cancer 82:551–556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. Phuong LK, Atkinson JL, Thielen KR (2002) Far lateral extraforaminal lumbar synovial cyst: report of two cases. Neurosurgery 51:505–507; discussion 507–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  433. Pilitsis JG, Rengacharya SS (2001) The role of vertebroplasty in metastatic spinal disease. Neurosurg Focus 11: Article 9

    Google Scholar 

  434. Platania N, Nicoletti G, Lanzafame S, Albanese V (2003) Spinal meningeal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Report of a new case and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Sci 47:107–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  435. Pogoda P, Linhart W, Priemel M, Rueger JM, Amling M (2003) Aneurysmal bone cysts of the sacrum. Clinical report and review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 123:247–251

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  436. Portenoy RK, Lipton RB, Foley KM (1987) Back pain in the cancer patient: an algorithm for evaluation and management. Neurology 37:134–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Prevo RL, Hageman G, Bruyn RP, Broere G, van de Stadt J (1999) Extended extradural spinal arachnoid cyst: an unusual cause of progressive spastic paraparesis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 101:260–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. Puvaneswary M, Cuganesan R, Barbarawi M, Spittaler P (2003) Vertebral haemangioma causing cord compression: MRI findings. Australas Radiol 47:190–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. Rabb CH, McComb JG, Raffel C, Kennedy JG (1992) Spinal arachnoid cysts in the pediatric age group: an association with neural tube defects. J Neurosurg 77:369–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. Rades D, Blach M, Nerreter V, Bremer M, Karstens JH (1999) Metastatic spinal cord compression. Influence of time between onset of motoric deficits and start of irradiation on therapeutic effect. Strahlenther Onkol 175:378–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  441. Rades D, Bajrovic A, Alberti W, Rudat V (2003) Is there a dose-effect relationship for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral hemangioma? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55:178–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  442. Rand T, Lomoschitz F, Cejna M, Grohs A, Kettenbach J (2003) [Percutaneous radiologically-guided vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic and tumorous spinal body lesions]. Radiologe 43:723–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. Raney RB, Ragab AH, Ruymann FB, Lindberg RD, Hays DM, Gehan EA, Soule EH (1982) Soft-tissue sarcoma of the trunk in childhood. Results of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study. Cancer 49:2612–2616

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  444. Raney RB, Ater JL, Herman-Liu A, Leeds NE, Cleary KR, Womer RB, Rorke LM (1994) Primary intraspinal softtissue sarcoma in childhood: report of two cases with a review of the literature. Med Pediatr Oncol 23:359–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  445. Razek A, Perez CA, Tefft M, Nesbit M, Vietti T, Burgert EO Jr, Kissane J, Pritchard DJ, Gehan EA (1980) Intergroup Ewing’s Sarcoma Study: local control related to radiation dose, volume, and site of primary lesion in Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 46:516–521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. Rechl H, Plotz W, Gradinger R, Hipp E (1992) Osteoblastoma of the coccyx. A report of two cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 112:36–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. Regine WF, Tibbs PA, Young A, Payne R, Saris S, Kryscio RJ, Patchell RA (2003) Metastatic spinal cord compression: a randomized trial of direct decompressive surgical resection plus radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57Suppl:S125

    Google Scholar 

  448. Rengachary SS, Kepes JJ (1969) Spinal epidural metastatic “mesenchymal” chondrosarcoma. Case report. J Neurosurg 30:71–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. Rhines LD, Fourney DR, Siadati A, Gokaslan ZL (2005) En bloc resection of multilevel cervical chordoma with C-2 involvement. Case report and description of operative technique. J Neurosurg Spine 2:199–205

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  450. Rhomberg W, Bohler FK, Novak H, Dertinger S, Breitfellner G (2003) A small prospective study of chordomas treated with radiotherapy and razoxane. Strahlenther Onkol 179:249–253

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  451. Rich TA, Schiller A, Suit HD, Mankin HJ (1985) Clinical and pathological review of 48 cases of chordoma. Cancer 56:182–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  452. Rimmelin A, Clouet PL, Salatino S, Kehrli P, Maitrot D, Stephan M, Dietemann JL (1997) Imaging of thoracic and lumbar spinal extradural arachnoid cysts: report of two cases. Neuroradiology 39:203–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. Roessner A, Bosse A, Wuisman P, Erlemann R, Grundmann E (1987) [Pathology of tumors of the spinal column]. Orthop?de 16:358–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  454. Romero J, Cardenes H, La Torre A, Valcarel F, Magallon R, Regneiro C, Aragon G (1993) Chordoma: results of radiation therapy in eighteen patients. Radiother Oncol 29:27–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. Rompe JD, Eysel P, Hopf C, Heine J (1993) Metastatic spinal cord compression — options for surgical treatment. Acta Neurochir 123:135–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. Rompe JD, Eysel P, Hopf C, Heine J (1993) Decompression/stabilization of the metastatic spine. Cotrel-Dubousset-Instrumentation in 50 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 64:3–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. Rompe JD, Hopf CG, Eysel P (1999) Outcome after palliative posterior surgery for metastatic disease of the spine — evaluation of 106 consecutive patients after decompression and stabilisation with the Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 119:394–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  458. Rosell Pradas J, Ruiz Morales M, Guerrero Fernandez JA, Vara-Thorbeck R (1991) Das sakrokokzygeale Chordom. Ergebnisse nach Radikaloperation. Zentralbl Chir 116:1253–1257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  459. Rosen G, Tefft M, Martinez A, Cham W, Murphy ML (1975) Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Cancer 35:622–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  460. Rousseaux P, Durot JF, Pluot M, Bernard MH, Scherpereel B, Bazin A, Peruzzi P, Baudrillard JC (1989) [Synovial cysts and synovialomas of the lumbar spine. Histo-pathologic and neuro-surgical aspects apropos of 8 cases]. Neurochirurgie 35:31–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. Rovira A, Rovira A, Capellades J, Zauner M, Bella R, Rovira M (1999) Lumbar extradural hemangiomas: report of three cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:27–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  462. Rudnick J, Stern M (2004) Symptomatic thoracic vertebral hemangioma: a case report and literature review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 9:1544–1547

    Google Scholar 

  463. Rumboldt Z, Jednacak H, Talan-Hranilovic J, Kalousek V (2004) Spinal epidural rhabdomyosarcoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146:195–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. Rushing EJ, Armonda RA, Ansari Q, Mena H (1996) Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study of 13 cases presenting in the central nervous system. Cancer 77:1884–1891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  465. Ryu S, Rock J, Rosenblum M, Kim JH (2004) Patterns of failure after single-dose radiosurgery for spinal metastasis. J Neurosurg (Suppl 3) 101:402–405

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  466. Sachdev VP, Savitz MH, Hindi AI, Goldstein HB (1991) Synovial cysts of the lumbar facet joint. Mt Sinai J Med 58:125–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. Sakata K, Hareyama M, Oouchi A, Sido M, Nagakura H, Tamakawa M, Akiba H, Morita K (1997) Radiotherapy of vertebral hemangiomas. Acta Oncol 36:719–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. Salvati M, Ciappetta P, Artico M, Raco A, Fortuna A (1991) Intraspinal hemangiopericytoma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev 14:309–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Samson IR, Springfield DS, Suit HD, Mankin HJ (1993) Operative treatment of sacrococcygeal chordoma. A review of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75:1476–1484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  470. Sanguinetti C, Aulisa L, Valassina A, D’Arienzo M (1998) The surgical treatment of spinal cord compression caused by tumorous metastases. A review of 91 cases. Chir Organi Mov 83:113–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  471. Sanjay BK, Sim FH, Unni KK, McLeod RA, Klassen RA (1993) Giant-cell tumours of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 75:148–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  472. Sar C, Eralp L (2001) Transoral resection and reconstruction for primary osteogenic sarcoma of the second cervical vertebra. Spine 26:1936–1941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  473. Sar C, Eralp L (2002) Metastatic spinal neurofibrosarcoma. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:106–108

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  474. Satake K, Matsuyama Y, Yoshihara H, Yanase M, Miura Y (2004) Three-dimensional images for surgical plan of giant sacral schwannoma. Spinal Cord 42:368–370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  475. Saunders WM, Castro JR, Chen GTY, Sutin PH, Collier JM, Zink SR, Phillips TL, Gauger GE (1986) Early results of ion beam radiation therapy for sacral chordoma. A Northern California Oncology Group study. J Neurosurg 64:243–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. Sauvage P, Grimault L, Ben Salem D, Roussin I, Huguenin M, Falconnet M (2000) [Lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts: imaging and treatment by percutaneous injection. Report of thirteen cases]. J Radiol 81:33–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. Schajowicz F, Lemos C (1976) Malignant osteoblastoma. J Bone Joint Surg Br 58:202–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  478. Schmid G, Willburger R, Jergas M, Pennekamp W, Bickert U, Koster O (2002) [Lumbar intraspinal juxtafacet cysts: MR imaging and CT-arthrography]. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 174:1247–1252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. Schoeggl A, Reddy M, Matula C (2002) Neurological outcome following laminectomy in spinal metastases. Spinal Cord 40:363–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  480. Schoenthaler R, Castro JR, Petti PL, Baken-Brown K, Phillips TL (1993) Charged particle irradiation of sacral chordomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26:291–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  481. Schulz EE, West WL, Hinshaw DB, Johnson DR (1984) Gas in a lumbar extradural juxtaarticular cyst: sign of synovial origin. AJR Am J Roentgenol 143:875–876

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  482. Schulz-Ertner D, Nikoghosyan A, Thilmann C, Haberer T, Jakel O, Karger C, Kraft G, Wannenmacher M, Debus J (2004) Results of carbon ion radiotherapy in 152 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:631–640

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  483. Schwechheimer K, Hashemian A, Ott G, Muller-Hermelink HK (1996) Primary spinal epidural manifestation of malignant lymphoma. Histopathology 29:265–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  484. Scott M, Kellett G, Peale A (1974) Angioblastic meningioma (hemangiopericytoma) of the cerebellar fossa with metastases to the temporal bone and the lumbar spine. Surg Neurol 2:35–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  485. Senegas J (1989) [Extensive resection of primary malignant tumors of the sacrum]. Neurochirurgie 35:337–341, 353–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  486. Shah BK, Saifuddin A, Price GJ (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal plasmacytoma. Clin Radiol 55:439–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  487. Shah RV, Lutz GE (2003) Lumbar intraspinal synovial cysts: conservative management and review of the world’s literature. Spine J 3:479–488

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  488. Shaikh MI, Saifuddin A, Pringle J, Natali C, Sherazi Z (1999) Spinal osteoblastoma: CT and MR imaging with pathological correlation. Skeletal Radiol 28:33–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. Sharafuddin MJA, Haddad FS, Hitchon PW, Haddad SF, El-Khoury GY (1992) Treatment options in primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the spine: report of seven cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 30:610–619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. Sharma RR, Mahapatra AK, Pawar SJ, Sousa J, Dev EJ (2002) Craniospinal giant cell tumors: clinicoradiological analysis in a series of 11 cases. J Clin Neurosci 9:41–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  491. Shaw B, Mansfield FL, Borges L (1989) One-stage posterolateral decompression and stabilization for primary and metastatic vertebral tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Neurosurg 70:405–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  492. Sherman R, Waddel J (1986) Laminectomy for metastatic epidural spinal cord tumors. Posterior stabilisation, radiotherapy, and postoperative assessment. Clin Orthop 207:55–63

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  493. Shih DY, Chen HJ, Lee TC, Chen L (1990) Congenital spinal arachnoid cysts: report of 2 cases with review of the literature. J Formos Med Assoc 89:588–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  494. Shikata J, Yamamuro T, Shimizu K, Shimizu K, Kotoura Y (1992) Surgical treatment of giant-cell tumors of the spine. Clin Orthop 278:29–36

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  495. Shima Y, Rothman SL, Yasura K, Takahashi S (2002) Degenerative intraspinal cyst of the cervical spine: case report and literature review. Spine 27:E18–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  496. Shimizu K, Shikata J, Iida H, Iwasaki R, Yoshikawa J, Yamamuro T (1992) Posterior decompression and stabilization for multiple metastatic tumors of the spine. Spine 17:1400–1404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  497. Shin JH, Lee HK, Rhim SC, Park SH, Choi CG, Suh DC (2001) Spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma: MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25:257–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. Shives TC, McLeod RA, Unni KK, Schray MF (1989) Chondrosarcoma of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:1158–1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. Siebenrock KA, Unni KK, Rock MG (1998) Giant-cell tumour of bone metastasising to the lungs. A long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80:43–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. Siegal T, Siegal T (1985) Surgical decompression of anterior and posterior malignant epidural tumors compressing the spinal cord: a prospective study. Neurosurgery 17:424–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. Silva ML, Brunelle F (1996) Embolisation of vascular lesions of the spinal column in childhood: a report of three cases. Neuroradiology 38:809–811

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  502. Smith J, Wixon D, Watson RC (1979) Giant-cell tumor of the sacrum. Clinical and radiologic features in 13 patients. J Can Assoc Radiol 30:34–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. Smith SR, Saunders PW, Todd NV (1995) Spinal stabilisation in plasma cell disorders. Eur J Cancer 31A:1541–1544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  504. Solero CL, Fornari M, Giombini S, Lasio G, Oliveri G, Cimino C, Pluchino F (1989) Spinal meningiomas: review of 174 operated cases. Neurosurgery 25:153–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  505. Solini A, Gargiulo G (1998) Giant cell tumor of the spine. Surgical findings. Chir Organi Mov 83:35–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. Solini A, Gargiulo G, Ruggieri N (1998) The surgical treatment of cervical metastases. Chir Organi Mov 83:139–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. Soo MYS (2001) Chordoma; review of clinicoradiological features and factors affecting survival. Australas Radiol 45:427–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. Stappenbeck L (1972) [Unusual big hour-glass neurinoma]. Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 116:274–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  509. Stener B (1989) Complete removal of vertebrae for extirpation of tumors. A 20-year experience. Clin Orthop 245:72–82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  510. Sundaresan N, Shah J, Foley KM, Rosen G (1984) An anterior approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae. J Neurosurg 61:686–690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  511. Sundaresan N, Galicich JH, Lane JM, Bains MS, Mc-Cormack P (1985) Treatment of neoplastic epidural cord compression by vertebral body resection and stabilization. J Neurosurg 63:676–684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  512. Sundaresan N, Digiacinto GV, Hughes JEO (1986) Surgical treatment of spinal metastases. Clin Neurosurg 33:503–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. Sundaresan N, Huvos AG, Rosen G, Lane JM (1986) Postradiation osteosarcoma of the spine following treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. Spine 11:90–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  514. Sundaresan N, Scher H, DiGiacinto GV, Yagoda A, Whitmore W, Choi IS (1986) Surgical treatment of spinal cord compression in kidney cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:1851–1856

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  515. Sundaresan N, Huvos AG, Krol G, Lang JM, Brennan M (1987) Surgical treatment of spinal chordomas. Arch Surg 122:1479–1482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  516. Sundaresan N, Rosen G, Huvos AG, Krol G (1988) Combined treatment of osteosarcoma of the spine. Neurosurgery 23:714–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  517. Sundaresan N, Schmidek HH, Schiller AL, Rosenthal DI (1990) Tumors of the Spine. Diagnosis and Clinical Management. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  518. Sundaresan N, Digiacinto GV, Hughes JEO, Cafferty M, Vallejo A (1991) Treatment of neoplastic spinal cord compression: results of a prospective study. Neurosurgery 29:645–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  519. Sundaresan N, Steinberger AA, Moore F, Sachdev VP, Krol G, Hough L, Kelliher K (1996) Indications and results of combined anterior-posterior approaches for spine tumor surgery. J Neurosurg 85:438–446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. Sundaresan N, Rothman A, Manhart K, Kelliher K (2002) Surgery for solitary metastases of the spine: rationale and results of treatment. Spine 27:1802–1806

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  521. Sundaresan N, Boriani S, Rothman A, Holtzman R (2004) Tumors of the osseous spine. J Neurooncol 69:273–290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  522. Sung HW, Shu WP, Wang HM, Yuai SY, Tsai YB (1987) Surgical treatment of primary tumors of the sacrum. Clin Orthop 215:91–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  523. Sung MS, Lee GK, Kang HS, Kwon ST, Park JG, Suh JS, Cho GH, Lee SM, Chung MH, Resnick D (2005) Sacrococcygeal chordoma: MR imaging in 30 patients. Skeletal Radiol 34:87–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  524. Swartz PG, Murtagh FR (2003) Spontaneous resolution of an intraspinal synovial cyst. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1261–1263

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  525. Sze CI, Kindt G, Huffer WB, Chang M, Wang M, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK (2004) Synovial excrescences and cysts of the spine: clinicopathological features and contributions to spinal stenosis. Clin Neuropathol 23:80–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  526. Tabaddor K, Sachs D, Llena JF, Testaiuti MA (1996) Ganglion cyst of the odontoid process. Case report and review of the literature. Spine 21:2019–2022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  527. Takano Y, Homma T, Okumura H, Takahashi HE (1992) Ganglion cyst occurring in the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine. A case report. Spine 17:1531–1533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  528. Talac R, Yaszemski MJ, Currier BL, Fuchs B, Dekutoski MB, Kim CW, Sim FH (2002) Relationship between surgical margins and local recurrence in sarcomas of the spine. Clin Orthop:127–132

    Google Scholar 

  529. Talacchi A, Spinnato S, Alessandrini F, Iuzzolino P, Bricolo A (1999) Radiologic and surgical aspects of pure spinal epidural cavernous angiomas. Report on 5 cases and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 52:198–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  530. Tatsui H, Onomura T, Morishita S, Oketa M, Inoue T (1996) Survival rates of patients with metastatic spinal cancer after scintigraphic detection of abnormal radioactive accumulation. Spine 21:2143–2148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. Tatter SB, Cosgrove GR (1994) Hemorrhage into a lumbar synovial cyst causing an acute cauda equina syndrome. Case report. J Neurosurg 81:449–452

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  532. Templin CR, Stambough JB, Stambough JL (2004) Acute spinal cord compression caused by vertebral hemangioma. Spine J 4:595–600

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  533. Thongtrangan I, Balabhadra RSV, Le H, Park J, Kim DH (2003) Vertebral body replacement with an expandable cage for reconstruction after spinal tumor resection. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 8

    Google Scholar 

  534. Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Toriyama S, Kawano H, Ohsaka S (1990) Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine 15:1110–1113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  535. Tombolini V, Zurlo A, Montagna A, Notarianni E, Osti MF, Enrici RM, Pirolli C (1994) Radiation therapy of spinal metastases: results with different fractionations. Tumori 80:353–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  536. Tomita K, Toribatake Y, Kawahara N, Ohnari H, Kose H (1994) Total en bloc spondylectomy and circumspinal decompression for solitary spinal metastasis. Paraplegia 32:36–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  537. Tomita K, Kawahara N, Baba H, Tsuchiya H, Fujita T, Toribatake Y (1997) Total en bloc spondylectomy. A new surgical technique for primary malignant vertebral tumors. Spine 22:324–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T, Yoshida A, Murakami H, Akamaru T (2001) Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 26:298–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  539. Tonai M, Campbell CJ, Ahn GH, Schiller AL, Mankin HJ (1982) Osteoblastoma: classification and report of 16 patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res 167:222–235

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  540. Touboul E, Khelif A, Guerin RA (1989) [Primary tumors of the spine. Initial oncologic aspects: epidemiology, anatomo-prognostic and therapeutic classification]. Neurochirurgie 35:312–316, discussion 351–312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  541. Traill ZC, Talbott D, Golding S, Gleeson FV (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging versus radionucleide screening for bone metastases. Clin Radiol 54:448–451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  542. Trummer M, Flaschka G, Tillich M, Homann CN, Unger F, Eustacchio S (2001) Diagnosis and surgical management of intraspinal synovial cysts: report of 19 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:74–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  543. Tsukigi M, Kubota Y, Iijima Y, Yaguchi H, Tateno T, Suzuki T, Sasagawa I, Nakada T (2002) Retroperitoneal schwannoma extending into the intravertebral foramen. Urol Int 69:75–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  544. Turanli S, Ozer H, Ozyurekoglu T, Cakiroglu E (2000) Liposarcoma in the epidural space. Spine 25:1733–1735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  545. Turcotte RE, Sim FH, Unni KK (1993) Giant cell tumor of the sacrum. Clin Orthop:215–221

    Google Scholar 

  546. Ueda S, Hirose A, Miwa M, Sakai N (1975) [Spinal cord tumor of children — a cured case of infantile spinal cord tumor and review of domestic literature (author’s transl)]. No Shinkei Geka 3:501–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  547. Uhl V, Castro JR, Knopf K, Phillips TL, Collier JM, Petti PL, Daftari I (1992) Preliminary results in heavy charged particle irradiation of bone sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24:755–759

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  548. Vallee C, Chevrot A, Benhamouda M, Gires F, Wybier M, Sellier N, Pallardy G (1987) [X-ray computed tomographic aspects of lumbar articular synovial cysts with intraspinal development]. J Radiol 68:519–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. Van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, Marijnen CA, Leer JW (2005) Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer 103:320–328

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  550. Van Goethem JWM, Van den Houwe L, Özsarlak Ö, De Schepper AMA, Parizel PM ((2004) Spinal tumors. Eur J Radiol 50:159–176

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  551. Vardiman AB, Dickman CA, Sonntag VKH (1998) Modified anterolateral approach to the craniocervical junction. In: Dickman CA, Spetzler RF, Sonntag VKH (eds) Surgery of the Craniocervical Junction. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 419–431

    Google Scholar 

  552. Venkateswaran L, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Merchant TE, Poquette CA, Rao BN, Pappo AS (2001) Primary Ewing tumor of the vertebrae: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcome. Med Pediatr Oncol 37:30–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  553. Vergel De Dios AM, Bond JR, Shives TC, McLeod RA, Unni KK (1992) Aneurysmal bone cyst. A clinicopathologic study of 238 cases. Cancer 69:2921–2931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. Vergne P, Bonnet C, Zabraniecki L, Bertin P, Moreau JJ, Treves R (1996) Synovial cyst at the C1-C2 junction and spondyloarthropathy. J Rheumatol 23:1438–1440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. Vrionis FD, Small J (2003) Surgical management of metastatic spinal neoplasms. Neurosurg Focus 15: Article 12

    Google Scholar 

  556. Wait SD, Jones FD, Lonser RR, Lee KS (2005) Symptomatic epidural hematoma caused by lumbar synovial cyst rupture: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 56:1157

    Google Scholar 

  557. Wang AM, Haykal HA, Lin JC, Lee JH (1987) Synovial cysts of the lumbar spine: CT evaluation. Comput Radiol 11:253–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. Wang JC, Boland P, Mitra N, Yamada Y, Lis E, Stubblefield M, Bilsky MH (2004) Single-stage posterolateral transpedicular approach for resection of epidural metastatic spine tumors involving the vertebral body with circumferential reconstruction: results in 140 patients. J Neurosurg 3:287–298

    Google Scholar 

  559. Watkins RG (2003) Surgical Approaches to the Spine. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  560. Weidner A (1986) Extradural tumors of the spine. Adv Neurosurg 14:10–15

    Google Scholar 

  561. Weidner A, Immenkamp M (1984) Ergebnisse der operativen Therapie von malignen Wirbelsäulentumoren. In: Schmitt E (ed) Die Wirbelsäule in Forschung und Praxis. Band 103. Tumoren der Wirbelsäule. Hippokrates Verlag, Berlin, pp 203–2

    Google Scholar 

  562. Weigel B, Maghsudi M, Neumann C, Kretschmer R, Müller FJ, Nerlich M (1999) Surgical management of symptomatic spinal metastases: postoperative outcome and quality of life. Spine 24:2240–2246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  563. Weller SJ, Rossitch E Jr (1995) Unilateral posterolateral decompression without stabilization for neurological palliation of symptomatic spinal metastasis in debilitated patients. J Neurosurg 82:739–744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  564. Wiggins GC, Mirza S, Bellabarba C, West GA, Chapman JR, Shaffrey CI 2001) Perioperative complications with costotransversectomy and anterior approaches to thoracic and thoracolumbar tumors. Neurosurg Focus 11: Article 4

    Google Scholar 

  565. Wilder RB, Ha CS, Cox JD, Weber D, Delasalle K, Alexanian R (2002) Persistence of myeloma protein for more than one year after radiotherapy is an adverse prognostic factor in solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Cancer 94:1532–1537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  566. Winnem MF (1987) Intraspinal chordomas. Paraplegia 25:406–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  567. Wirbel RJ, Schulte M, Mutschler W (1998) [Primary malignant tumors of the sacrum]. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 115:1324–1327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. Wray CC, Macdonald AW, Richardson RA (1990) Benign giant cell tumour with metastases to bone and lung. One case studied over 20 years. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72:486–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. Wuisman P, Lieshout O, Sugihara S, van Dijk M (2000) Total sacrectomy and reconstruction: oncologic and functional outcome. Clin Orthop:192–203

    Google Scholar 

  570. Xu F, De Las Casas LE, Dobbs LJ Jr (2000) Primary meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a child with hypomelanosis of Ito. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:762–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. Xu WP, Song XW, Yue SY, Cai YB, Wu J (1990) Primary sacral tumors and their surgical treatment. A report of 87 cases. Chinese Med J 103:879–884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  572. Yamamoto A, Nishiura I, Handa H, Kondo A (2001) Ganglion cyst in the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine causing myelopathy: report of two cases. Surg Neurol 56:390–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  573. Yao KC, Boriani S, Gokaslan ZL, Sundaresan N (2003) En bloc spondylectomy for spinal metastases.: a review of techniques. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 6

    Google Scholar 

  574. Yazici M, Iyigun OL, Gulman B, Rakunt C, Cizmeli O (1996) Vertebral hemangioma presenting with intermittent claudication. Eur Spine J 5:131–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  575. York JE, Berk RH, Fuller GN, Rao JS, Abi-Said D, Wildrick DM, Gokaslan ZL (1999) Chondrosarcoma of the spine: 1954 to 1997. J Neurosurg Spine 90:73–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  576. York JE, Kaczaraj A, Abi-Said D, Fuller GN, Skibber JM, Janjan NA, Gokaslan ZL (1999) Sacral chordoma: 40-year experience at a major cancer center. Neurosurgery 44:74–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  577. Young RF, Post EM, King GA (1980) Treatment of spinal epidural metastases. Randomized prospective comparison of laminectomy and radiotherapy. J Neurosurg 53:741–748

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. Zaidat OO, Ruff RL (2002) Treatment of spinal epidural metastasis improves patient survival and functional state. Neurology 58:1360–1366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  579. Zevgaridis D, Buttner A, Weis S, Hamburger C, Reulen HJ (1998) Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 88:903–908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  580. Zibis AH, Markonis A, Karantanas AH (2000) Unusual causes of spinal foraminal widening. Eur Radiol 10:144–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  581. Zileli M, Cagli S, Basdemir G, Ersahin Y (2003) Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas of the spine. Neurosurg Focus 15(5): Article 5

    Google Scholar 

  582. Zileli M, Hoscoskun C, Brastianos P, Sabah D (2003) Surgical treatment of primary sacral tumors: complications associated with sacrectomy. Neurosurg Focus 15:Article 9

    Google Scholar 

  583. Zimmerman HM (1975) Malignant lymphomas of the nervous system. Acta Neuropathol Suppl (Berl) 6:69–74

    Google Scholar 

  584. Zorzon M, Skrap M, Diodato S, Nasuelli D, Lucci B (2001) Cysts of the atlantoaxial joint: excellent long-term outcome after posterolateral surgical decompression. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg Spine 95:111–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2007). Epidural Tumors. In: Surgery of Spinal Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44715-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44715-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44714-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44715-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics