This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
See M J Bonell, ‘General Report’, 1–17, 2.
K Boele-Woelki, ‘Principles and Private International Law’ Uniform Law Review 4 (1996) 652–678.
Decision of 26 May 1989, published in NJ 1990, 105. The Netherlands have been a party to this Convention since 1961.
Boele-Woelki, op cit (n 2), 665.
Ibid, 666.
Ibid.
Ibid, 666, quoting L Strikwerda in ‘Kroniek van het internationaal privaatrecht’ NJ 1996, 411–412
R Goode, ‘Usage and its Reception in Transnational Commercial Law’ International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46 (1997) 1–36, 24.
ICC case No 5713, partly reported in (1990) XX ICC A Y B 70, in Jarvin et al, ‘Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards’, Vol II, 223.
U Drobnig, ‘The UNIDROIT Principles in the Conflict of Laws’ Uniform Law Review 2/3 (1998) 385–295, 391; Boele-Woelki, op cit (n 2) 664; M J Bonell, ‘The UNIDROIT Principles of International Contracts and CISG — Alternatives or Complementary Instruments?’ Uniform Law Review 1 (1996) 26–39, 38; M J Bonell, ‘The UNIDROIT principles of international commercial contracts: Why? What? How?’ Tulane Law Review 69.5 (1995) 1121–1147, 1144; F Ferrari: ‘Defining the sphere of application of the 1994 “UNIDROIT principles of international commercial contracts”’ Tulane Law Rev 69 (1995) 1225–1237, 1231, 1232; Goode, op cit (n 8), 28.
J C Wichard, ‘Die Anwendung der UNIDROIT-Prinzipien für internationale Handelsverträge durch Schiedsgerichte und nationale Gerichte’ Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 60 (1996) 269–301.
Wichard, op cit (n 11), 283.
Compare the discussion referred to above at 1.2.1.2 and note the similarity of this opinion to the one expressed by Collier in J G Collier, Conflict of laws (2001) 385.
Filip de Ly, ‘Dutch National Report on the UPICC’, published in M J Bonell (ed), A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts (1999) 203–235.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 217.
Ibid, 219.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 225. Compare also 8.2.3.8, below.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 219.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 224.
Ibid, 225.
See C-W Canaris, ‘Die Stellung der ‘UNIDROIT Principles’ und ‘Principles of European Contract Law’ im System der Rechtsquellen’, 21–27.
Ibid, 26. Canaris’ concern is, of course, related to the case that the UPICC could be incorporated into the contract by only one party. This is quite unlikely within the present context, and certainly following the construction method used by the Arbitral Tribunal in ICC case No 7110. See also below.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 225.
Ibid, 223.
As reported in the formulation of Professor de Ly, op cit (n 16), 229.
Compare de Ly, op cit (n 16), 229.
Ibid, 230, n 67.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 234.
‘This approach has been adopted in case law’ (R Goode, ‘Usage and its Reception in Transnational Commercial Law’ International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46 (1997) 1–36, 29); compare Deutsche Schachtbau-und Tiefbohrgesellschaft mbH V R as al-Khaimah National Oil Co [1987] 3 WLR 1023. ‘The courts increasingly accept arbitral awards as sources of law and the arbitral process and independent of the courts.’ (S Shackleton, ‘Challenging Arbitration Awards — Part III: Appeals on Questions of Law’ New Law Journal 6 December 2002, 1834–1835; see also J C Wichard, ‘Die Anwendung der UNIDROIT — Prinzipien für internationale Handelsverträge durch Schiedsgerichte und nationale Gerichte’ Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 60 (1996) 269–301, 283, who believes that the UPICC become positive law rules by choice of law and subsequent enforcement under national law, they receive’ state blessings through enforcement’ (’Staatliche Weihe... im Wege der Vollstreckung...’ Compare Chapter 8.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 231.
Ibid.
Ibid, 231.
Ibid.
Ibid, 232.
Compare K P Berger, The Creeping Codification of the Lex Mercatoria (1999) at 81 and n 333 quoting a number of relevant awards.
de Ly, op cit (n 16), 232.
Compare Berger, op cit (n 51), 86: ‘...a decision based on the lex mercatoria may not be equated with a decision based on equity’; see also 85. Under the present English conflict of laws and arbitration law, this question does not even arise since there is no distinction made between these two notions, see, eg, Arbitration Act 1996 s 46(1)(b) and see below for further discussion.
Drobnig, op cit (n 10), 395.
Spellenberg in Münchener Kommentar, No 24 preceding (vor) §11 EGBGB.
Drobnig, op cit (n 10), 392.
‘Schiedsverfahren der “Hamburger Freundschaftliche Arbitrage” — anwendbares Recht: Schiedsspruch vom 29.12. 1998’ RIW 5 (1998) 394–396
Ibid, 395 (IV 3).
See below; compare Mankowski, ‘Rechtswahl für Verträge des internationalen Wirtschaftsverkehrs’ RIW 1 (2003) 10, col 2.
Compare de Ly, op cit (n 16), 229 and 230.
See F Ferrari, ‘Das Verhältnis zwischen den Unidroit-Grundsätzen und den allgemeinen Grundsätzen internationaler Einheitsprivatrechtskonventionen’ Juristenzeitung 1 (1998) 9–17, 10 and 11.
Ferrari, Das Verhältnis zwischen den Unidroit-Grundsätzen und den allgemeinen Grundsätzen internationaler Einheitsprivatrechtskonventionen’ Juristenzeitung 1 (1998) 9–17 op cit, 11; K Larenz, Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft (1991) 381 et seq.
Compare Larenz, Das Verhältnis zwischen den Unidroit-Grundsätzen und den allgemeinen Grundsätzen internationaler Einheitsprivatrechtskonventionen’ Juristenzeitung 1 (1998) op cit (n 64), 371.
Compare Münchener Kommentar, Einleitung, No 64 quoting Heck, Gesetzesauslegung und Interessenjurisprudenz (1914): ‘dass ein sehr großer Teil, vielleicht weitaus der größte Teil der zweifelhaften Rechtsfragen, auf dem Vorhandensein von Gesetzeslücken beruht’ (’the biggest part of doubtful legal questions of law arises from the presence of gaps in the law’). See also S Shackleton, ‘The Applicable Law in International Arbitration Under the New English Arbitration Act 1996’ Arbitration International 13.4 (1997): 375–389, 387: ‘In reality, however, all legal systems are incomplete...’.
Contrary to the view taken by Mankowski, ‘Rechtswahl für Verträge des internationalen Wirtschaftsverkehrs’ RIW 1 (2003) 2–15, 13, col 1, there is no general disadvantage within the transnational commercial law sphere for smaller enterprises. Taking part in cross-border trade and commerce is by no means an exclusive experience of ‘global players’, ‘repeat players’ or otherwise giant businesses. The UPICC provide progress especially in the area where no trade associations and branch specific agencies operate, thereby counteracting any potential discrimination arising from the dominating position of these bodies.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2007). Methods of integration in the general conflict of laws. In: Methodology of Uniform Contract Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44462-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44462-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44461-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-44462-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawLaw and Criminology (R0)