Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

  • Chapter
Book cover Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 175))

Abstract

Androgen-independent or hormone-refractory prostate cancer (AIPC) is prostate cancer that progresses after primary androgen-ablation therapy—either orchiectomy or a gonadotropinreleasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, followed by addition and subsequent withdrawal of an antiandrogen. In the majority of patients, AIPC appears after a median time of 18 months of hormone deprivation. Patients with AIPC have a median survival between 10 and 20 months and the prognosis can be defined by using nomograms. Standard treatment is continued castration by LHRH agonists in combination with docetaxelcontaining chemotherapy. Other treatment options to palliate symptoms are hormones, other chemotherapeutic agents, radioisotopes or radiotherapy and bisphosphonates. New targeted drugs and vaccination strategies are evaluated in the treatment of AIPC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bauman G, Charette M, Reid R, Sathya J (2005) Radiopharmaceuticals for the palliation of painful bone metastasis-a systemic review. Radiother Oncol 75:258–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry WR, Laszlo J, Cox E, et al (1979) Prognostic factors in metastatic and hormonally unresponsive carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 44:763–775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthold D, Sternberg C, Tannock I (2005) Management of advanced prostate cancer after first-line chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 23:8247–8252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bubley GJ, Carducci M, Dahut W, et al (1999) Eligibility and response guidelines for phase II clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group. J Clin Oncol 17:3461–3467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chi KN (2005) Targeting Bcl-2 with oblimersen for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. World J Urol 23:33–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curran D, Fossa S, Aaronson N, Kiebert G, Keuppens F, Hall R (1997) Baseline quality of life of patients with advanced prostate cancer. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group (GUT-CCG). Eur J Cancer 33:1809–1814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahut WL, Gulley JL, Arlen PM, Liu Y, Fedenko KM, Steinberg SM, et al (2004) Randomized phase II trial of docetaxel plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:2532–2539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debes JD, Tindall DJ (2004) Mechanisms of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 351:1488–1490

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emrich LJ, Priore RL, Murphy GP, et al (1985) Prognostic factors in patients with advanced stage prostate cancer. Cancer Res 45:5173–5179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fossa SD, Slee PH, Brausi M, et al (2001) Flutamide versus prednisone in patients with prostate cancer symptomatically progressing after androgen-ablative therapy: a phase III study of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer genitourinary group. J Clin Oncol 19:62–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleave ME, Zellweger T, Chi K, Miyake H, Kiyama S, July L, et al (2002) Targeting antiapoptotic genes upregulated by androgen withdrawal using antisense oligonucleotides to enhance androgen-and chemo-sensitivity in prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 20:145–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodin S, Rao KV, DiPaola RS (2002) State-of-the-art treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Oncologist 7:360–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halabi S, Small EJ, Kantoff PW, Kattan MW, Kaplan EB, Dawson NA, Levine EG, Blumenstein BA, Vogelzang NJ (2004) Prognostic model for predicting survival in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:1232–1237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kantoff PW, Halabi S, Conaway MR, et al (1999) Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer: the results of CALGB 9182. J Clin Oncol 17:2506–2513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahler C, Denis LJ (1995) Hormone refractory disease. Semin Surg Oncol 11:77–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oosterhof GO, Roberts JT, de Reijke TM, Engelholm SA, Horenblas S, von der Maase H, Neymark N, Debois M, Collette L (2003) Strontium(89) chloride versus palliative local field radiotherapy in patients with hormonal escaped prostate cancer: a phase III study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Genitourinary Group. Eur Urol 44:519–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, Lara PNJ, Jones JA, Taplin ME, et al (2004) Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 35:1513–1520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartor O, Scher H, Simons J, Sinibaldi V, Small EJ, Smith MR, Trump DL, Wilding G, et al (1999) Eligibility and response guidelines for phase II clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group. J Clin Oncol 17:3461–3467

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scher HI, Sawyers CL (2005) Biology of progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: directed therapies targeting the androgen-receptor signaling axis. J Clin Oncol 23:8253–8261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scher HI, Steineck G, Kelly WK (1995) Hormone-refractory (D3) prostate cancer: refining the concept. Urology 46:142–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smaletz O, Scher HI, Small EJ, Verbel DA, McMillan A, Regan K, Kelly WK, Kattan MW (2002) Nomogram for overall survival of patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer after castration. J Clin Oncol 20:3972–3982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Small EJ, Halabi S, Dawson NA, Stadler WM, Rini BI, Picus J, Gable P, Torti FM, Kaplan E, Vogelzang NJ (2004) Antiandrogen withdrawal alone or in combination with ketoconazole in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients: a phase III trial (CALGB 9583). J Clin Oncol 2004 22:1025–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Small EJ, Schellhammer PF, Higano C, Neumanaitis J, Valone F, Herschberg RM (2005) Immunotherapy (APC8015) for androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC): final survival data from a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial. ASCO Prostate Cancer Symposium, Abstr 264. ASCO

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg CN, Whelan P, Hetherington J, Paluchowska B, Slee P, Vekemans K, et al (2005) Phase III trial of satraplatin, an oral platinum plus prednisone vs. prednisone alone in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. Oncology 68:2–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannock IF, Osoba D, Stochler MR, Ernst DS, Neville AJ, Moore MJ, et al (1996) Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone resistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative endpoints. J Clin Oncol 14:1756–1764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, Horti J, Pluzanska A, Chi KN, et al (2004) Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 351:1502–1512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogelzang NJ, Nelson JB, Schulman CC, Dearnaley DP, Saad F, Sleep DJ, Isaacson JD, Carducc MA (2005) Meta-analysis of clinical trials of atrasentan 10 mg in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. ASCO Prostate Cancer Symposium, Abstr 4563. ASCO

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ZNA Campus Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    Dirk Schrijvers MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Dirk Schrijvers MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel

    Jacob Ramon MD

  2. Lange Gasthuisstraat 35-37, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium

    Louis J. Denis MD, FACS (Director Oncology Centre Antwerp Secretary Europa Uomo) (Director Oncology Centre Antwerp Secretary Europa Uomo)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schrijvers, D. (2007). Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. In: Ramon, J., Denis, L.J. (eds) Prostate Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 175. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40901-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40901-4_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40897-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-40901-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation