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Allgemeine Aspekte der Biologie von Parasiten

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Biologie der Parasiten

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Abstract

Parasiten sind Lebewesen, die in oder auf einem artfremden Organismus leben und von ihm Nahrung beziehen und ihn schädigen. Diese Definition wird auf Tiere, Pflanzen, Pilze, Bakterien und Viren angewendet, die als Gast in Abhängigkeit von einem Wirt leben. Dabei wird der Wirt geschädigt. Im Deutschen entspricht das Wort „Schmarotzer“ dem Begriff des Parasiten. Der Parasitismus ist eine der erfolgreichsten und am weitesten verbreiteten Lebensweisen. Manche Autoren schätzen, dass mehr als 50% aller Lebewesen parasitär sind oder zumindest eine parasitische Phase in ihrem Leben haben. Dafür fehlen zwar exakte Belege, aber die Annahme leuchtet ein angesichts der Tatsache, dass in oder an fast jedem mehrzelligen Tier mehrere Parasiten leben, die spezifisch an diesen Wirt angepasst sind. Einige der wichtigsten Humanparasiten sind in Tabelle 1.1 aufgeführt.

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(2008). Allgemeine Aspekte der Biologie von Parasiten. In: Biologie der Parasiten. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37709-2_1

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