Abstract
In the previous chapter the modern methods of describing polarization form, based on the Poincaré sphere and the Stokes and Jones vectors, were described. All of these methods are characterized by extreme elegance and compactness; they provide, in a unified manner, for all forms of polarized light. Thus, any kind of polarization, regardless of whether elliptical or linear, can be represented by a point on the Poincaré sphere, which provides a clear and well-defined picture of all particular polarization forms. Similarly, by the Stokes vector, each kind of light, regardless of whether it is totally or partially polarized, can be characterized by a four-element vector. The elements of the vector completely define the degree and the state of polarization (azimuth, ellipticity, and handedness of the light ellipse) of each particular form of light. In the same way every form of elliptically polarized light can be completely described by the two-element complex Jones vector.
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Theocaris, P.S., Gdoutos, E.E. (1979). Passage of Polarized Light Through Optical Elements. In: Matrix Theory of Photoelasticity. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35789-6_4
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