Abstract
We turn now to the description of the building blocks of quantum information theory. We introduce the quantum analog of the bit—qubit, single- and multiple-qubit logic gates and quantum circuits performing information processing. Any introduction to quantum information theory would be incomplete if it did not contain a discussion on the peculiar properties of the entanglement, which results, on the one hand, in the notorious non-locality of quantum mechanics, and on the other hand, in decoherence already studied in previous chapters in the general framework of a small quantum system coupled to a large reservoir. A significant part of this chapter is therefore devoted to the analysis of the role of entanglement in the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, as well as its quantum information applications such as cryptography, teleportation and dense coding.
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Chapter 8
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(2007). Fundamentals of Quantum Information. In: Fundamentals of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34572-5_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34572-5_8
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