Auszug
Die genetische Forschung hat in der Psychiatrie seit über 100 Jahren eine sehr wechselhafte Geschichte. So wurde über viele Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts in Psychologie und Psychiatrie eine heftige, teilweise verbitterte Diskussion über »Gen oder Umwelt?« (»nature versus nurture «) bei psychischen Erkrankungen und Eigenschaften geführt: Sind Verhaltensdispositionen, psy chische Anlagen und Eigenschaften, psychische Beschwerden und Störungen auf genetisch-konstitutionelle Faktoren oder psychosoziale Belastungen und andere Umwelteinflüsse zurückführbar? Diese Frage hat sich als nicht entscheidbar herausgestellt, solange nur die Analyse von familiären Ähnlichkeitsmustern von äußerlichen Merkmalen (Phänotypen) möglich war.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Abkevich V, Camp NJ, Hensel CH et al. (2003) Predisposition locus for major depression at chromosome 12q22-12q23.2. Am J Hum Genet 73: 1271–1281
Angst J (1966) Zur Ätiologie und Nosologie endogener depressiver Psychosen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Baker M, Mackenzie IR, Pickering-Brown SM et al. (2006) Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17. Nature 442: 916–919
Barden N, Harvey M, Gagné B et al. (2006) Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes in the chromosome 12Q24.31 region points to P2RX7 as a susceptibility gene to bipolar affective disorder. Am J Med Genet Part B (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 141B: 374–382
Baron M (1996) Further reflections on linkage results in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 67: 430–432
Beckmann H, Franzek E, Stöber G (1996) Genetic heterogeneity in catatonic schizophrenia: a family genetic study. Am J Med Genet 67: 289–300
Begleiter H, Porjesz B (1999) What is inherited in the predisposition toward alcoholism? A proposed model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23: 1125–1135
Bergem ALM, Engedal K, Kringlen E (1997) The role of heredity in lateonset Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia — a twin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 264–270
Bertelsen A, Harvald B, Hauge M (1977) A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders. Br J Psychiatry 130: 330–351
Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF, Bolduc EA et al. (1991) A high risk study of young children of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia with and without comorbid major depression. Psychiatry Res 37: 333–348
Bierut LJ, Heath AC, Bucholz KK et al. (1999) Major depressive disorder in a community-based twin sample: are there different genetic and environmental contributions for men and women? Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 557–563
Black DW, Noyes R, Goldstein RB, Blum N (1992) A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 362–368
Black DW, Gaffney GR, Schlosser S, Gabel J (2003) Children of parents with obsessive-compulsive disorder — a 2-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107: 305–313
Brena RM, Huang TH-M, Plass C (2006) Toward a human epigenome. Nature Genetics Vol 38, No 12: 1359–1360
Cadoret RJ, O’Gorman TW, Troughton E (1985) Alcoholism and antisocial personality: interrelationships, genetic and environmental factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42: 161–167
Cadoret RJ, Yates WR, Troughton E et al. (1995) Adoption study demonstrating two genetic pathways to drug abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 42–52
Cannon TD (2005) The inheritance of intermediate phenotypes for schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 18: 135–140
Cannon TD, Zorrilla LE, Shtasel D et al. (1994) Neuropsychological functioning in siblings discordant for schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51: 651–661
Cannon TD, Kaprio J, Lönnqvist J et al. (1998) The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 67–74
Cardno AG, Marshall EJ, Coid B et al. (1999) Heritability estimates for psychotic dis-orders: the Maudsley twin psychosis series. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 162–168
Carey G, Gottesman II (1981) Twin and family studies to anxiety, phobic, and absesive disorders. Klein DF, Rabkin J (eds) Anxiety: new research and changing concepts. Raven, New York, pp 117–136
Caselli RJ, Beach TG, Yaari R, Reiman EM (2006) Alzheimer’s Disease A Centruy Later. J Clin Psychiatry 67: 1784–1800
Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE et al. (2003) Influence of life stresss on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301: 386–389
Chen WJ, Loh EW, Hsu Y-PP, Cheng ATA (1997) Alcohol dehydrogenase und aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism among Taiwanese aborigines. Biol Psychiatry 41: 703–709
Chumakov I, Blumenfeld M, Guerassimenko O et al. (2002) Genetic and phasiologica data implicatin the new human gene G72 and the gene for D-Amino acid oxidase in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 13675–13680
Cloninger CR (1987) Neurogenetic adaptive mechanism in alcoholism. Science 236: 412–420
Cloninger CR, Bohmann M, Sigvardsson S (1981) Inheritance of alcohol abuse: cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38: 861–868
Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ et al. (1993) Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science 261: 921–923
Coryell W, Zimmerman M (1988) The heritability of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45: 323–327
Craddock N, Owen MJ (2005) The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy. Brit J Psychiatry 186: 364–366
Craddock N, Williams NM, Green EK et al. (2006) Variation at the DAOA/ G30 locus influences susceptibility to major mood episodes but not psychosis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 366–373
Cruts M, Gijselninck I, van der Zee J et al. (2006) Null mutations in progranulin cause ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17q21. Nature 442: 920–924
Davidson J, Smith R, Kudler H (1989) Familial psychiatric illness in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Compr Psychiatry 30: 339–345
Edenberg HJ, Foroud (2006) The genetics of alcoholism: identifying specific genes through familly studies. Addict Biol 11: 386–396
Fanous A, Gardner CO, Prescott CA et al. (2002) Neuroticism, major depression and gender: a population-based twin study. Psychological Medicine 32: 719–728
Fanous AH, van den Oord EJ, Riley BP et al. (2005) Relationship between a high-risk haplotype in the DTNBP1 (dysbinding) gene and clinical features of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 162: 1824–1832
Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS et al. (1995) Neuropsychological functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: a diagnostic efficiency analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 104: 286–304
Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Gottesman II (1987) Twin concordance for DSM-III schizophrenia: scrutinising the validity of the definition. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44: 634–641
Farmer A, Elkin A, McGuffin P (2007) The genetics of bipolar affective disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 20: 8–12
Farrer LA, Sherbatich T, Keryanov SA et al. (2000) Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 57: 210–214
Fazzari MJ, Greally JM (2004) Epigenomics: beyond CpG islands. Nat Rev Genet 5: 446–455
Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A et al. (2000) Alcoholism susceptibility loci: confirmation studies in a replicate sample and further mapping. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24: 933–945
Franke P, Maier W, Hardt J et al. (1994) Attentional abilities and measures of schizotypy: their variation and covariation in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and normal control subjects. Psychiatry Res 54: 259–272
Franzek E, Beckmann H (1996) Die genetische Heterogenität der Schizophrenie. Ergebnisse einer systematischen Zwillingsstudie. Nervenarzt 67: 583–594
Friedman D, Cornblatt BA, Vaughan H, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L (1988) Auditory event-related potentials in children at risk for schizophrenia: The complete initial sample. Psychiatry Res 26: 203–221
Fyer AJ, Mannuzza S, Gallops MS et al. (1990) Familial transmission of simple phobias and fears. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 252–256
Fyer AJ, Mannuzza S, Chapman TF et al. (1995) Specificity in familial aggregation of phobic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 564–573
Fyer AJ, Mannuzza S, Chapman TF et al. (1996) Panic disorder and social phobia: effects of comorbidity on familial transmission. Anxiety 2: 173–178
Fyer AJ, Hamilton SP, Durner M et al. (2006) A third-pass genome scan in panic disorder: Evidence for multiple susceptibility loci. Biol Psychiatry 60: 388–401
Gatz M, Reynolds CA, Fratiglioni L et al. (2006) Role of genes and environments for explaining Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 168–174
Gershon ES, DeLisi LE, Hamovit J et al. (1988) A controlled family study of chronic psychoses. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45: 328–336
Gilligan SB, Reich T, Cloninger CR (1987) Etiologic heterogenity in alcoholism. Genet Epidemiol 4: 395–414
Goldstein RB, Weissman MM, Adams PB et al. (1994) Psychiatric disorders in relatives of probands with panic disorders and/or major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51: 383–394
Goldstein RB, Wickramaratne PJ, Horwarth E, Weissman MM (1997) Familial aggregation and phenomenology of »Early«-Onset (at or before age 20 years) panic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 271–278
Gottesman II, Bertelsen A (1989) Confirming unexpressed genotypes for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 867–872
Gottesman II, Gould TD (2003) The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 160: 636–645
Grados MA, Riddle MA Samuels JF et al. (2001) Teh familial phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to tic disorders: the Hopkins OCD familiy study. Biol Psychiatry 50: 559–565
Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Breitmeier B (1997) Backward masking performance in unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 465–472
Green EK, Raybould R, Macgregor S et al. (2005) Operation of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene, neuregulin 1, across traditional diagnostic boundaries to increase risk for bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 642–648
Green EK, Williams NM, Macgregor S et al. (2006) Variation at the DAOA/G30 Locus Influences Susceptibility to Major Mood Episodes but Not Psychosis in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 366–373
Grupe A, Abraham R, Li Y, Rowland C et al. (2007) Evidence for novel susceptibility genes for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease from a genome-wide association study of putative functional variants. Hum Mol Genet doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm031
Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A et al. (2002) Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science 297: 400–403
Harrison PJ, Owen MJ (2003) Genes for schizophrenia? Recent findings and their pathophysiological implications. Lancet 361: 417–419
Hasler G, Drevets WC, Manji HK, Charney DS (2004) Discovering Endophenotypes for Major Depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1765–1781
Hasler G, Drevets WC, Gould TD et al. (2006) Toward Constructing an Endophenotype Strategy for Bipolar Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 60: 93–105
Hattori E, Liu C, Badner JA et al. (2003) Polymorphisms at the G72/G30 gene locus, on 13q33, are associated with bipolar disorder in two independent pedigree series. Am J Hum Genet 72: 1131–1140
Heath AC, Meyer J, Eaves LJ, Martin NG (1991) The inheritance of alcohol consumption patterns in a general population twin sample: I. multidimensional scaling of quantity/frequency data. J Stud Alcohol 52: 345–351
Heath AC, Meyer J, Jardine R, Martin NG (1991) The inheritance of alcohol consumption patterns in a general population twin sample: II. determinants of consumption frequency and quantity consumed. J Stud Alcohol 52: 425–433
Heinz A, Braus DF, Smolka MN et al. (2005) Amygdala-prefrontal coupling depends on a genetic variation of the serotonin transporter. Nat Neurosci 8: 20–21
Hettema JM, Prescott CA, Kendler KS (2001) A population-based twin study of generalized anxiety disorder in men and women. J Nerv Ment Dis 189: 413–420
Hettema JM, Prescott CA, Kendler KS (2004) Genetic and environmental sources of covariation between gneralized anxiety disorder and neuroticism. Am J Psychiatry 161: 1581–1587
Hettema JM, Prescott CA, Myers JM et al. (2005) The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for anxiety disorders in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 182–189
Hettema JM, Neale MC, Myers JM et al. (2006) A population-based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disorders. Am J Psychiatry 163: 857–864
Heun R, Kölsch H, Jessen F (2006) Risk factors and early signs of Alzheimer’s disease in a family study sample. Risk of AD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 256(1): 28–36
Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Iacano WG et al. (2004) Family transmission and heritability of externalizing disorders: a twin-family study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61: 922–928
Higuchi S, Muramatsu T, Shigemori K et al. (1992) The relationship between low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase phenotype and drinking behavior in Japanese. J Stud Alcohol 53: 170–175
Higuchi S, Matsushita S, Kashima H (2006) New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence. Curr Opin Psychiatry 19: 253–265
Holmans P, Craddock N (1997) Efficient strategies for genome scanning using maximum-likelihood affected-sib-pair analysis. Am J Hum Genet 60: 657–666
Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Matthysse S et al. (1988) A single dominant gene can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45: 641–647
Kaprio J, Viken R, Koskenvuo M et al. (1992) Consistency and change in patterns of social drinking: a 6-year follow-up of the Finnish twin cohort. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16: 234–240
Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M (2002) Genetic and environmental factors in complex diseases: the older Finnish twin cohort. Twin Res 5: 358–365
Keefe RSE, Silverman JM, Mohs RC et al. (1997) Eye tracking, attention, and schizotypal symptoms in nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 169–176
Kelsoe JR, Ginns EI, Egeland JA et al. (1989) Re-evaluation of the linkage relationship between chromosome 11p loci and the gene for bipolar affective disorder in the Old Order Amish. Nature 342: 238–243
Kendler KS (1993) Twin studies of psychiatric illness: current status and future directions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 905–915
Kendler KS, Diehl SR (1993) The genetics of schizophrenia: a current, genetic-epidemiologic perspective. Schizophr Bull 19: 261–285
Kendler KS, Walters EE, Neale MC et al. (1995) The structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for six major psychiatric disorders in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 374–383
Kendler KS, Prescott CA (1999) A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 39–44
Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC et al. (1992 a) A population-based twin study of major depression im women. The impact of varying definitions of illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 257–266
Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC et al. (1992 b) Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Same genes, (partly) different environments? Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 716–722
Kendler KS, Heath AC, Neale MC et al. (1992 c) A population-based twin study of alcoholism in women. JAMA 268:1877–1882
Kendler KS, Heath AC, Neale MC et al. (1992 d) A population-based twin study of alcoholism in women. JAMA 268: 1877–1882
Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM et al. (1993 a) The Roscommon Family Study. IV. Affective illness, anxiety disorders, and alcoholism in relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 952–960
Kendler KS, Kessler RC, Neale MC et al. (1993 b) The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model. Am J Psychiatry 150: 1139–1148
Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC et al. (1993 c) Panic disorder in women: a population-based twin study. Psychol Med 23: 397–406
Kendler KS, Pedersen NL, Johnson L et al. (1993 d) A pilot Swedish twin study of affective illness including hospital-and population-ascertained subsamples. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 699–706
Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM, Walsh D (1995) Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study. Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 296–303
Kendler KS, Karkowski-Shuman L, Walsh D (1996) Age at onset in schizophrenia and risk of illness in relatives. Br J Psychiatry 169: 213–218
Kendler KS, Prescott CA, Myers J, Neale MC (2003 a) The Structure of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Common Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Men and Women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60: 929–937
Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Neale M (2003 b) Specificity of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Use and Abuse/Dependence of Cannabis, Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Sedatives, Stimulants, and Opiates in Male Twins. Am J Psychiatry 160: 687–695
Kety SS (1983) Mental illness in the biological and adoptive relatives of schizophrenic adoptees, findings relevant to genetic and environmental factors in etiology. Am J Psychiatry 140: 720–727
Kinney DK, Holzman PS, Jacobsen B et al. (1997) Thought disorder in schizophrenic and control adoptees and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 475–479
Klein DN, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, Rohde P (2001) A family study of major depressive disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:13–20
Klein DN, Shankman SA, Lewinsohn PM et al. (2004) Family study of chronic depression in a community sample of young adults. Am J Psychiatry 161: 646–653
Kreek MJ (2001) Drug addictions. Molecular and cellular endpoints. Ann N Y Acad Sci 937: 27–49
Kringlen E (1976) Twins — still our best method. Schizophr Bull 2: 429–433
Lander ES, Schork N (1994) Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 265: 2037–2048
Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Holsboer F, Krieg JC (1995) In quest of identifying vulnerability markers for psychiatric disorders by all-night polysomnography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 145–153
Laursen TM, Labouriau R, Licht RW et al. (2005) Family history of psychiatric illness as a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 841–848
Lerer B (2002) Pharmacogenetics of psychotropic drugs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Levinson DF (2006) The genetics of depression: a review. Biol Psychiatry 60: 84–92
Lewis DA, Gonzales-Burgos G (2006) Pathophysiologically based treatment interventions in schizophrenia. Nature Medicine 12: 1016–1022
Lieb R, Wittchen HU, Hofler M et al. (2000) Parental psychopathology, parenting styles, and the risk of social phobia in offspring: a prospective-longitudinal community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57: 859–866
Long JC, Knowler WC, Hanson RL et al. (1998) Evidence for genetic linkage to alcohol dependence on chromosomes 4 and 11 from an autosome-wide scan in an American Indian population. Am J Med Genet 81: 216–221
Luchsinger JA, Tang M-X, Shea S, Mayex R (2002) Caloric intake and the risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 59: 1258–1263
Lyons MJ, Eisen SA, Goldberg J et al. (1998) A registry-based twin study of depression in men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 468–472
Maier W (1995) Mechanismen der familiären Übertragung von Alkoholabhängigkeit und Alkoholabusus. Z Klin Psychol 24: 147–158
Maier W, Lichtermann D (1993) Die familiäre Häufung affektiver Erkrankungen. Eine Übersicht über neuere familiengenetische Arbeiten. Nervenheilk 12: 34–40
Maier W, Philipp M (1993) Reliabilität und Validität der Subtypisierung und Schweregradmessung depressiver Syndrome, Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Psychiatrie, Bd 72. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J et al. (1993 a) Continuity and discontinuity of affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 871–883
Maier W, Minges J, Lichtermann D (1993 b) Alcoholism and panic disorder: co-occurrence and co-transmission in families. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243: 205–211
Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges, Oehrlein A, Franke P (1993 c). A controlled family study in panic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 27(Suppl 1): 79–87
Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J, Heun R (1994 a) Personality disorders among the relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull 20: 481–493
Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J (1994 b) The relationship between alcoholism and unipolar depression — a controlled family study. J Psychiatr Res 28: 303–317
Maier W, Lichtermann D, Franke P et al. (2002) The dichotomy of schizophrenia and affective disorders in extended pedigrees. Schizophr Res 57: 259–266
Mannuzza S, Scneier FR, Chapman TF et al. (1995) Generalized social phobia: reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 230–237
Mayeux R (2006) Genetic Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 20: 58–62
McGue M, Gottesman II (1991) The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia and the design of linkage studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 240: 174–181
McGue M, Pickens RW, Sviskis DS (1992) Sex and age effects on the inheritance of alcohol problems: a twin study. J Abnorm Psychol 101: 3–17
McGuffin P, Farmer AE, Gottesmann II et al. (1984) Twin concordance for operationally defined schizophrenia. Confirmation of familiality and heritability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41: 541–545
McGuffin P, Katz R, Rutherford J (1991) Nature, nurture and depression: a twin study. Psychol Med 21: 329–335
McGuffin P, Craddock N, Owen M (1994) Darier’s disease cosegregating with affective disorder. Br J Psychiatry 165: 272
McGuffin P, Katz R, Watkins S, Rutherford J (1996) A hospital-based twin register of the heritability of DSM-IV unipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 129–136
McGuffin P, Rijsdijk F, Andrew M et al. (2003) The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60: 497–502
McGuffin P, Knight J, Breen G et al. (2005) Whole genome linkage scan of recurrent depressive disorder from the depression network study. Hum Mol Genet 14: 3337–3345
McQueen MB, Devlin B, Faraone SV et al. (2005) Combined analysis from eleven linkage studies of bipolar disorder provides strong evidence of susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6q and 8q. Am J Hum Genet 77: 582–595
Meaney MJ (2001) Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Ann Rev Neurosci 24: 1161–1192
Mendlewicz J, Papadimitriou GN, Wilmotte J (1993) Family study of panic disorder: comparison with generalized anxiety disorder, major depression and normal subjects. Psychiatr Genet 3: 73–78
Merikangas KR, Stolar M, Stevens DE et al. (1998) Familial transmission of substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 973–979
Merikangas KR, Low NC (2005) Genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York Tokio, pp 163–179
Myers A, Holmans P, Marshall H et al. (2000) Susceptibility locus for Alzheimer’s disease on chromosome 10. Science 290: 2304–2305
Nazarian R, Starcevic M, Spencer MJ, Esteban CD’A (2006) Reinvestigation of the dysbindin subunit of BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosomerelated organelles complex-1) as dystrobrevin-binding protein. Biochem J 395: 587–589
Nestadt G, Samuels J, Riddle M et al. (2000) A family study of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57: 358–363
Nöthen MM, Propping P, Fimmers R (1993) Association versus linkage studies in psychosis genetics. J Med Genet 30: 634–637
Noyes R, Crowe RR, Harris EL et al. (1986) Relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43: 227–232
Noyes R, Clarkson C, Crowe RR et al. (1987) A family study of generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry 144: 1019–1024
Nurnberger JI, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA et al. (1994) Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51: 849–859
Nurnberger JI, Wiegand R, Bucholz K et al. (2004) A family study of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61: 1246–1256
Onstad S, Skre I, Torgersen S, Kringlen E (1991) Twin concordance for DSM-III-R schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83: 395–402
Park S, Holzman PS, Goldman-Rakic S (1995) Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 821–828
Parnas J, Cannon TD, Jacobsen B et al. (1993) Lifetime DSM-III-R diagnostic outcomes in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 707–714
Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP 2nd, Goodman W et al. (1995) A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152: 76–84
Perna G, Bertani A, Gabriele A et al. (1997) Modification of 35% carbon dioxide hypersensitivity across one week of treatment with clomipramine and fluvoxamine: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 17: 173–178
Perris C (1966) A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses, introduction. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl 194): 9–14
Pickens RW, Svikis DS, McGue M et al. (1991) Heterogeneity in the inheritance of alcoholism. A study of male and female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 19–28
Prescott u. Kendler (1999) Genetic an environmental cotributions to alcohol abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of male twins. Am J Psychiatry 156: 34–40
Prescott CA, Sullivan PF, Kuo PH et al. (2006) Genomewide linkage study in the Irish affected sib pair study of alcohol dependence: evidence for a susceptibility region for symptoms of alcohol dependence on chromosome 4. Mol Psychiatry 11: 603–611
Propping P (1989) Psychiatrische Genetik. Befunde und Konzepte. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio
Reich T, Edenberg HJ, Goate A et al. (1998) Genome-wide search for genes affecting the risk for alcohol dependence. Am J Med Genet 81: 207–215
Risch N (1990) Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. I. Multilocus models. Am J Hum Genet 46: 222–228
Risch NJ (2000) Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium. Nature 405: 847–856
Risch N, Merikangas K (1996) The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273: 1516–1517
Rosenberg DR, Sweeney, JA, Squires-Wheeler E et al. (1997) Eye-tracking dysfunction in offspring from the New York high-risk project: diagnostic specificity and the role of attention. Psychiatry Res 66: 121–130
Ross CA, Margolis RL, Reading SAJ et al. (2006) Neurobiology of Schizophrenia. Neuron 52: 139–153
Rüdin E (1916) Zur Vererbung und Neuentstehung der Dementia praecox. Studien über Vererbung und Entstehung geistiger Störungen. Handbuch der Erbkrankheiten, Bd 2, Die Schizophrenie. Springer, Berlin
Saunders AM, Schmader K, Breitner JC et al. (1993) Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele distributions in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and in other amyloid-forming diseases. Lancet 342: 710–711
Scherrer JF, True WR, Xian H et al. (2000) Evidence for genetic influences common and specific to symptoms of generalized anxiety and panic. J Affect Disord 57: 25–35
Schuckit MA (1984 a) Differences in plasma cortisol after ethanol in relatives of alcoholics and controls. J Clin Psychiatry 144: 854–859
Schuckit MA (1984 b) Prospective markers for alcoholism. In: Goodwin DW, Van Dusen KT, Mednick SA (eds) Longitudinal research in alcoholism. Kluwer-Nijhoff, Boston, pp 147–163
Schuckit MA, Gold E, Risch SC (1987) Plasma cortisol levels following ethanol in sons of alcoholics and controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44: 942–945
Schulze G, Hedeker D, Zandi P et al. (2006) What is Familial About Familial Bipolar Disorder?. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 1368–1376
Serretti A, Kato M, De Ronchi D, Kinoshita T (2007) Meta-analysis of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) association with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor efficacy in depressed patients. Molecular Psychiatry 12: 247–257
Shih RA, Belmonte PL, Zandi PP (2004) A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 16: 260–283
Silberg J, Rutter M, Neale M, Eaves L (2001) Genetic moderation of environmental risk for depression and anxiety in adolescent girls. Br J Psychiatry 179: 116–121
Skre I, Onstad S, Torgersen S et al. (1993) A twin study of DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 88: 85–92
Stefansson H, Sarginson J, Kong A et al. (2003) Association of Neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia confirmed in a Scottish population. Am J Hum Genet 72: 83–87
Stein MB, Chartier MJ, Hazen AL et al. (1998) A direct-interview family study of generalized social phobia. Am J Psychiatry 155: 90–97
Straub RE, Jiang Y, MacLean CJ et al. (2002) Genetic variation in the 6p22.3 gene DTNBP1, the human ortholog of the mouse dysbindin gene, is associated with schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 71: 337–348
Sullivan PF, Kendler KS (1999) The gentic epidemiology of smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 1(Suppl 2): S51–S57
Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS (2000) Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 157: 1552–1562
Tarter RE, Hegedus AM, Goldstein G et al. (1984) Adolescent sons of alcoholics: neurophysiological and personality characteristics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 8: 216–222
Tienari P, Wynne LC, Sorri A et al. (2004) Genotype-environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Long-term follow-up study of Finnish adoptees. Br J Psychiatry 184: 216–222
Torgersen S (1986) Genetic factors in moderately severe and mild affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43: 222–226
True WR, Rice J, Eisen SA et al. (1993) A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 257–264
Tsuang MT, Lyons MJ, Meyer JM et al. (1998) Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: the role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 967–972
Tsuang DW, Skol AD, Faraone SV et al. (2001) Examination of genetic linkage of chromosome 15 to schizophrenia in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample. Am J Med Genet 105: 662–668
Van Os J, Marcelis M, Sham P et al. (1997) Psychopathological syndromes and familial morbid risk of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 170: 241–246
Viken RJ, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M et al. (1999) Longitudinal analyses of the determinants of drinking and of drinking to intoxication in adoslescent twins. Behav Genet 29: 455–461
Vogel F (1959) Moderne Probleme der Humangenetik. Ergebn Inn Med Kinderheilk 12: 52–125
Weissman MM, Wickramaratne P, Adams PB et al. (1993) The relationship between panic disorder and major depression. A new family study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 767–780
Williams NM, Green EK, Macgregor S et al. (2006) Variation at the DAOA/G30 locus influences susceptibility to major mood episodes but not psychosis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 366–373
Winokur G, Clayton P (1966) Family history studies. I. Two types of affective disorders separated according to genetic and clinical factors. Recent Adv Biol Psychiatry 9: 35–50
Winokur G, Coryell W, Keller M et al. (1995) A family study of manic-depressive (bipolar I) disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 367–383
Zahn TP, Nurnberger JI, Berrettini WH (1989) Electrodermal activity in young adults at genetic risk for affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46: 1120–1124
Zammit S, Owen MJ (2006) Stressful life events, 5-HTT genotype and risk of depression. Brit J Psychiatry 188: 199–201
Zobel A, Maier W (2004) Endophänotypen — Ein neues Konzept zur biologischen Charakterisierung psychischer Störungen. Nervenarzt 75: 205–214
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maier, W., Zobel, A., Schwab, S. (2008). Genetik psychischer Störungen. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33129-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33129-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-24583-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-33129-2
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)