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Flowering Plants · Eudicots pp 226–246Cite as

Lythraceae

Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2:175 (1805), nom. cons. Trapaceae Dumort. (1829). Punicaceae Horan. (1834). Sonneratiaceae Engl. (1897). Duabangaceae Takht. (1985).

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Part of the The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants book series (FAMILIES GENERA,volume 9)

Abstract

Trees, shrubs or herbs, frequently with the younger stems quadrangulate; nodes unilacunar. Leaves opposite, seldom whorled or alternate, simple, entire (dentate in Trapa), stipulate or estipulate, glandular processes present in the axil at the base of the petiole in most genera; blades membranous or coriaceous, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescences determinate or indeterminate, forming cymes, axillary or terminal racemes, spikes, or thyrses, rarely flowers solitary; the pedicels with prophylls. Flowers generally odorless, actinomorphic, or tending to zygomorphic by increased abaxial orientation of stamens and pistil, truly zygomorphic in Pleurophora and Cuphea, perfect (dioecious in Capuronia), typically perigynous, seldom epigynous or hemi-epigynous, 4-6(8-16)-merous, mono-, dior trimorphic; floral tube campanulate to tubular, often conspicuously nerved, persistent (except Lafoensia), membranous to thick and coriaceous; sepals one half or less the length of the floral tube, valvate, triangular-ovate, acute, often alternating with external appendages (the epicalyx); petals (0-)4-6(-many), inserted on the inner rim of the floral tube, alternating with the sepals, crumpled, pinnately veined, frequently clawed, caducous; stamens typically diplostemonous, sometimes reduced to a single antesepalous or antepetalous whorl, when diplostemonous, then the filaments of the antesepalous whorl longest, inserted near the base of the floral tube or above, anthers dorsi fixed, versatile, rarely basi fixed, introrse, bilocular, longitudinally dehiscent; gynoecium syncarpous, encircled at the base by nectariferous tissue or the nectary enlarged, forming a unilateral free-standing nectary, or nectary 0; stigma capitate or punctiform, dry or wet; style simple, slender, commonly exserted; ovary superior or less often semi-inferior to inferior, thin-or thick-walled, 2-4(-many)-locular, the septa incomplete at the apex or vestigial and reduced to thin threads; placentation axile, the placenta slender or globose and nearly free-central at capsule maturity; ovules 2-many. Fruit a dry, thin-to thick-walled capsule enclosed by the persistent floral tube, rarely leathery and berrylike, dehiscing loculicidally, septicidally, or splitting irregularly, infrequently circumscissile or indehiscent. Seeds obpyramidal or oblong to obovoid and convex-concave or lenticular-compressed, winged or not; seed coat with or without inverted epidermal hairs; embryo straight, cotyledons planar (rolled in Lagerstroemia and Punica), often auriculate or cordate, partially enveloping the short radicle, oily. x =8.

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    S. A. Graham

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    Klaus Kubitzki

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Graham, S.A. (2007). Lythraceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (eds) Flowering Plants · Eudicots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_30

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