Abstract
Organizations (derived from the Greek word organon, meaning tool) are instruments for enterprise objectives fulfilment. These objectives are to perform and produce products and services. Engineering and industrial production emphasize human-initiated, controlled, and deliberately executed combinations and transformations of resources by energy and information for the supply of market goods and products. Therefore organizations in engineering and manufacturing include the planned and purposeful action of human beings. In order to meet such objectives, formal groups of people with shared goals concerning transformation execution and output performance are configured.
Any arrangements of resources devoted to objective fulfilment constitute operations functions, or for short, operations. Technical devices can be provided to execute operations for transformation steps.
The amounts of labor involved can be coped with faster and with better quality by planned division into packages assigned to individuals for well-coordinated (repetitive) execution. For the individuals involved, operations represent tasks to be fulfilled. Combinations and syntheses of tasks and responsibilities in total constitute organization structures or parts of organizations.
In this section, the focus of our attention is on noncontractual and contractual types of collaborations among independent enterprises, pooling their core competencies to form so-called enterprise networks, aiming to achieve a common goal. The enterprise networks considered are composed of two or more partners collaborating under a variety of bilateral relationships [15.1].
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Abbreviations
- API:
-
application programming interface
- ARIS:
-
architecture of integrated information systems
- AS:
-
active sum
- ASME:
-
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- BMS:
-
bionic manufacturing system
- BOM:
-
bill of materials
- BOO:
-
bill of operations
- BOSC:
-
built-to-order supply chain
- BPR:
-
business process reengineering
- CAD:
-
computer-aided design
- CAM:
-
computer-aided manufacturing
- CAPP:
-
computer-aided process planning
- CD:
-
compact disc
- CD:
-
continuous dressing
- CI:
-
compression ignition
- CI:
-
corporate identity
- CIM:
-
computer-integrated manufacturing
- CIMOSA:
-
computer-integrated manufacturing open system architecture
- CIP:
-
continuous improvement process
- CMU:
-
cooperative manufacturing unit
- CNC:
-
computer numerical control
- CPFR:
-
collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment
- CPM:
-
critical-path method
- CRM:
-
customer relationship management
- CRP:
-
continuous replenishment planning
- CSLP:
-
capacitated lot-sizing lead-time problem
- DIN:
-
Deutsches Institut für Normung
- DIO:
-
digital input output
- DIS:
-
Draft International Standard
- DNC:
-
direct numerical control
- E2:
-
extended enterprises
- ECR:
-
efficient customer response
- EDP:
-
electronic data processing
- EFFBD:
-
enhanced functional flow block diagram
- EPC:
-
event-driven process chains
- ERP:
-
enterprise resource planning
- GERAM:
-
generalized enterprise reference model architecture and methodology
- GIM:
-
GRAI integrated methodology
- GoM:
-
guidelines of modeling
- HMS:
-
holonic manufacturing systems
- ICT:
-
information and communication technology
- IEEE:
-
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- IFAC:
-
International Federation for Automatic Control
- IFIP:
-
International Federation for Information Processing
- IIE:
-
information-interoperable environment
- IMP:
-
International Marketing and Purchasing
- IP:
-
intermediate pressure
- ISO:
-
International Standards Organization
- IT:
-
information technology
- JIT:
-
Java intelligent network
- JiT:
-
just-in-time
- MAS:
-
multi-agent systems
- MES:
-
manufacturing execution systems
- MIPS:
-
microprocessor without interlocked pipeline stages
- MPM:
-
metra potential method
- MRP:
-
manufacturing resources planning
- MRP:
-
materials requirement planning
- NC:
-
numerically controlled
- OMT:
-
object-modeling technique
- OOSE:
-
object-orientes software engineering
- OPC:
-
open connectivity via open standards
- ORiN:
-
open robot interface for the network
- PABADIS:
-
plant automation based on distributed systems
- PC:
-
personal computer
- PC:
-
polycrystalline
- PC:
-
pulverized coal
- PERA:
-
purdue enterprise reference architecture
- PERT:
-
project evaluation and review technique
- PLC:
-
programmable logic controller
- PPC:
-
production planning and control
- PROSA:
-
product–resource–order–staff architecture
- PS:
-
passive sum
- RAC:
-
robot action command
- RAO:
-
robot access object
- RBV:
-
resource-based view
- RFID:
-
radiofrequency identification
- RISC:
-
reduced-instruction-set computer
- RUP:
-
rational unified process
- RaoSQL:
-
robot access object SQL
- SC:
-
supercritical
- SC:
-
supply chain
- SCM:
-
supply chain management
- SCOR:
-
supply-chain operations reference
- SE:
-
secondary electrons
- SIC:
-
statistical inventory control
- SME:
-
small and medium-sized enterprises
- SN:
-
supply network
- SQL:
-
structured query language
- SoA:
-
space of activity
- SysML:
-
systems modelling language
- TPM:
-
total productive maintenance
- TPS:
-
Toyota production system
- TQM:
-
total quality management
- VDI:
-
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Association of German Engineers)
- VICS:
-
Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standard Association
- VO:
-
virtual organizations
- VPN:
-
virtual private network
- WBS:
-
work breakdown structure
- WWW:
-
world wide web
- bdd:
-
block definition diagram
- ppm:
-
parts per million
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Costanzo, F. et al. (2009). Enterprise Organization and Operation. In: Grote, KH., Antonsson, E. (eds) Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30738-9_15
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