Abstract
When animating a formal model for validation or test generation purposes, scalability is a key issue. This paper describes a graph-based representation for the operations of state-based formal models. This representation makes it possible to handle large models efficiently and perform a variety of transformations, such as splitting an operation into separate behaviours, implementing various test coverage criteria for complex conditionals, removing inconsistent paths, factoring out common calculations, and executing the final operation using a customized constraint logic programming solver. The result is a fully automatic execution engine for state-based formal models such as B [Abr96], Z [Spi92] and UML with OCL preconditions and postconditions. It can be used for animation, test generation and other verification or validation purposes. Our experimental results on large industrial applications show that the transformations result in significant speedups.
This work is partially supported by Schlumberger/Axalto Smart Card R&D and by PSA Peugeot Citroën.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Apt, K.R., Bezem, M.A.: Formulas as programs. In: Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), 194, p. 26 (1998) ISSN 1386-3711, 31
Ambert, F., Bouquet, F., Chemin, S., Guenaud, S., Legeard, B., Peureux, F., Vacelet, N., Utting, M.: BZ-TT: A tool-set for test generation from Z and B using constraint logic programming. In: Proceedings of the CONCUR 2002, Workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software (FATES 2002), Brnö, Czech Republic, August 2002, pp. 105–120 (2002), INRIA Technical Report (2002)
Van Aertryck, L., Benveniste, M., le Metayer, D.: CASTING: a formally based software test generation method. In: 1st IEEE International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM 1997), pp. 99–112 (1997)
Abrial, J.-R.: The B-BOOK: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996) ISBN 0 521 49619 5
Bernard, E., Legeard, B., Luck, X., Peureux, F.: Generation of test sequences from formal specifications: GSM 11.11 standard case-study. The Journal of Software Practice and Experience (accepted for publication, 2004)
Bouquet, F., Legeard, B., Peureux, F.: CLPS-B – A constraint solver for B. In: Katoen, J.-P., Stevens, P. (eds.) TACAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2280, pp. 188–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Bryant, R.E.: Graph-based algorithms for boolean function manipulatio. IEEE Transactions on Computers C-35(8), 677–691 (1986)
The BZ-TT web site (September 2003), http://lifc.univ-fcomte.fr/~bztt
Emv 2000 specifications version 4.0 (December 2000) http://www.emvco.com
Common electronic purse specifications version 2.3 (March 2001), http://www.cepsco.com
Cassandra, C.G., Lafortune, S.: Introduction to Discrete Event Systems. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht (1999)
Colin, S., Legeard, B., Peureux, F.: Preamble computation in automated test generation using Constraint Logic Programming. In: Proceedings of UK-Test Workshop, York, UK (September 2003)
Dick, J., Faivre, A.: Automating the generation and sequencing of test cases from model-based specifications. In: Larsen, P.G., Woodcock, J.C.P. (eds.) FME 1993. LNCS, vol. 670, pp. 268–284. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)
Delzanno, G., Podelski, A.: Model Checking in CLP. In: Cleaveland, W.R. (ed.) TACAS 1999. LNCS, vol. 1579, pp. 223–239. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Gupta, R., Berson, D.A., Fang, J.Z.: Path profile guided partial dead code elimation using predication. In: International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques, November 10–14, pp. 102–113 (1997)
Gotlieb, A., Botella, B., Rueher, M.: A CLP framework for computing structural test data. In: Palamidessi, C., Moniz Pereira, L., Lloyd, J.W., Dahl, V., Furbach, U., Kerber, M., Lau, K.-K., Sagiv, Y., Stuckey, P.J. (eds.) CL 2000. LNCS, vol. 1861, pp. 399–413. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Grieskamp, W.: A computation model for Z based on concurrent constraint resolution. In: P. Bowen, J., Dunne, S., Galloway, A., King, S. (eds.) B 2000, ZUM 2000, and ZB 2000. LNCS, vol. 1878, pp. 414–432. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Legeard, B., Bouquet, F., Lebeau, F.: Automated Test Generation and Execution for Automtive Embeded Software. In: International Council on Systems Engineering (ed.), INCOSE 2004, Annual International Symposium 4th European Systems Engineering Conference, June 20-24 (to appear, 2004)
The Leirios web site (September 2003), http://www.leirios.com
Legeard, B., Peureux, F., Utting, M.: Automated Boundary Testing from Z and B. In: Eriksson, L.-H., Lindsay, P.A. (eds.) FME 2002. LNCS, vol. 2391, pp. 21–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Legeard, B., Peureux, F., Utting, M.: Controlling test case explosion in test generation from b formal models. The Journal of Software Testing, Verification and Reliability 14(2), 1–23 (to appear, 2004)
Marre, B., Arnould, A.: Test Sequence generation from Lustre descriptions: GATEL. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2000), Grenoble, France, pp. 229–237. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2000)
Marriott, K., Stuckey, P.J.: Programming with Constraints: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., Booch, G.: The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Addison-wesley edition (1999)
Spivey, J.M.: The Z notation: A Reference Manual, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1992) ISBN 0 13 978529 9
Warmer, J., Kleppe, A.: The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bouquet, F., Legeard, B., Utting, M., Vacelet, N. (2004). Faster Analysis of Formal Specifications. In: Davies, J., Schulte, W., Barnett, M. (eds) Formal Methods and Software Engineering. ICFEM 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3308. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30482-1_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30482-1_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23841-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30482-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive