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Corrosion

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Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Corrosion is defined as the interaction between a metal and its environment that results in changes in the properties of the metal, and which may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal. In most cases the interaction between the metal and the environment is an electrochemical reaction where thermodynamic and kinetic considerations apply. Depending on the characteristics of the corrosion system various types of corrosion occur.

In this chapter all test methods available today are described. For scientific purposes as well as investigations in the laboratory so called conventional electrochemical test methods with direct current are primarily used (Sect. 12.1). In addition, newer techniques have been proposed (Sect. 12.1) that are based on dynamic system analysis (Sect. 12.2.1) or that allow study of corrosion processes in situ with spatial resolution down to 20 μm (Sects. 12.2.2 and 12.2.3). In the following sections a distinction has been made between testing for performance of corrosion protection measures such as inhibitors (Sect. 12.8) and testing that focuses on specific types of corrosion. In this context it is advisable to differentiate between corrosion without (Sect. 12.4) and with mechanical loading (Sect. 12.5) including hydrogen-assisted cracking (Sect. 12.6) which has some similarities to stress corrosion. High-temperature oxidation (Sect. 12.6) has a different mechanistic background than electrolytic corrosion because it is an oxidation process at a metal/gas or metal/salt solution interface. Exposure and on-site testing (monitoring) require specific considerations in the design of test facilities, probes and the interpretation of results (Sect. 12.4).

Appendix Part D provides a list of standards related to the various sections of this chapter. Another important source of information regarding corrosion testing is that edited by Baboian [12.1].

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Abbreviations

AES:

Auger electron spectroscopy

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CCT:

center-cracked tension

CE:

capillary electrophoresis

CE:

counter electrode

CERT:

constant extension rate tests

CT:

compact tension

CTE:

coefficient of thermal expansion

DA:

differential amplifier

DC:

direct-current

DIN:

Deutsches Institut für Normung

EDS:

energy-dispersive spectrometer

ER:

emission rates

FEPA:

Federation of European Producers of Abrasives

HCF:

high cycle fatigue

HISCC:

cathodic stress corrosion cracking

HL:

hydrodynamically lubricated

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

IC:

ion chromatography

ICPS:

inductively coupled plasma spectrometry

IR:

infrared region

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

JIS:

Japanese Standardization Organization

LCF:

low cycle fatigue

LST:

linear system theory

MS:

mass spectrometer

NHE:

normal hydrogen electrode

OA:

operational amplifier

RDE:

rotating disc electrode

RE:

reference electrode

RMS:

root mean square

RRDE:

rotating ring disc electrode

SCE:

saturated Calomel electrode

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

SENB4:

four-point single-edge notch bend

SFM:

scanning force microscopy

SHE:

standard hydrogen electrode

SRET:

scanning reference electrode technique

STM:

scanning tunneling microscopes

SVET:

scanning vibrating electrode technique

WDS:

wavelength dispersive spectrometer

XAS:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

ZRA:

zero-resistance ammeter

c.c.t.:

crevice corrosion temperature

c.p.t.:

critical pitting temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corrosion and Corrosion Protection, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12203, Berlin, Germany

    Bernd Isecke Dr.

  2. DECHEMA e.V., Karl-Winnacker-Institut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Michael Schütze Prof.

  3. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Hans-Henning Strehblow Dr.

Authors
  1. Bernd Isecke Dr.
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  2. Michael Schütze Prof.
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  3. Hans-Henning Strehblow Dr.
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Correspondence to Bernd Isecke Dr. , Michael Schütze Prof. or Hans-Henning Strehblow Dr. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Precision Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, TFH Berlin, Luxemburger Strasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Horst Czichos Prof.

  2. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Tetsuya Saito

  3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, US

    Leslie Smith

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Isecke, B., Schütze, M., Strehblow, HH. (2006). Corrosion. In: Czichos, H., Saito, T., Smith, L. (eds) Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8_12

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