Abstract
We characterize the size and complexity of the mammalian cortices of human, macaque, cat, rat, and mouse. We map the cortical structure onto a Bayesian confidence propagating neural network (BCPNN). An architectural structure for the implementation of the BCPNN based on hypercolumnar modules is suggested. The bandwidth, memory, and computational demands for real-time operation of the system are calculated and simulated. It is concluded that the limiting factor is the computational and not the communication requirements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lansner, A., Fransén, E., Sandberg, A.: Cell assembly dynamics in detailed and abstract attractor models of cortical associative memory. Theory in Biosciences 122, 19–36 (2003)
Fransén, E., Lansner, A.: A model of cortical associative memory based on a horizontal network of connected columns. Network: Comp. in Neural Systems 9(2), 235–264 (1998)
Rolls, E.T., Treves, A.: Neural Networks and Brain Function. Oxford University Press, New York (1998)
Palm, G.: Neural Assemblies: An Alternative Approach to Artificial Intelligence. In: Braitenberg, V. (ed.) Studies of Brain Function, vol. 7, Springer, New York (1982)
Cossart, R., Aronov, D., Yuste, R.: Attractor dynamics of network UP states in the neocortex. Nature 423(6937), 283–288 (2003)
Shu, Y., Hasenstaub, A., Mccormick, D.A.: Turning on and off recurrent balanced cortical activity. Nature 423(6937), 288–293 (2003)
Koch, C.: Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons. In: Stryker, M. (ed.), Oxford University Press, New York (1999)
Fuster, J.M.: Memory in the Cerebral Cortex (1995)
Rockel, A.J., Hiorns, R.W., Powell, T.P.S.: The Basic Uniformity in Structure of the Neocortex. Brain 103, 221–244 (1980)
Braitenberg, V., Schuz, A.: Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity. Springer, New York (1998)
Hofman, M.A.: Size and Shape of the Cerebral Cortex in Mammals: I. The Cortical Surface. Brain Behav. Evol. 27, 28–40 (1985)
Beaulieu, C., et al.: Quantitative Distribution of GABA-immunopositive and -immunonegative Neurons and Synapses in the Monkey Striate Cortex (Area 17). Cerebral Cortex 2(4), 295–309 (1992)
Beaulieu, C., Colonnier, M.: Number and Size of Neurons and Synapses in the Motor Cortex of Cats Raised in Different Environmental Complexities. J. Comp. Neurol. 289, 178–187 (1989)
Pakkenberg, B., et al.: Aging and the human neocortex. Exper. Gerontol. 38, 95–99 (2003)
Dombrowski, S., Hilgetag, C., Barbas, H.: Quantitative Architecture Distinguishes Prefrontal Cortical Systems in the Rhesus Monkey. Cer. Cortex 11(10), 975–988 (2001)
Thomson, A.M., Bannister, A.P.: Interlaminar Connections in the Neocortex. Cerebral Cortex 13(1), 5–14 (2003)
Mountcastle, V.B.: The columnar organization of the neocortex. Brain 120, 701–722 (1997)
Buxhoeveden, D.P., Casanova, M.F.: The minicolumn hypothesis in neuroscience. Brain 125(5), 935–951 (2002)
Buxhoeveden, D., et al.: Quantitative analysis of cell columns in the cerebral cortex. Journal of neuroscience methods 97, 7–17 (2000)
Mountcastle, V.B.: Modality and Topographic Properties of Single Neurons of Cat’s Somatic Sensory Cortex. Journal of neurophysiology 20, 408–434 (1957)
Hubel, D.H., Wiesel, T.N.: Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 198, 1–59 (1977)
Leise, E.M.: Modular construction of nervous systems: a basic principle of design for invertebrates and vertebrates. Brain Research Reviews 15, 1–23 (1990)
Johansson, C., Lansner, A.: Towards Cortex Sized Attractor ANN. In: Bio-ADIT 2004, Lausanne, Switzerland (2004)
Cürüklü, B., Lansner, A.: An Abstract Model of a Cortical Hypercolumn. In: Proc. of the 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, IEEE, Singapore (2002)
Barabási, A.-L., Albert, R.: Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science 286(5439), 509–512 (1999)
Sandberg, A., et al.: A Bayesian attractor network with incremental learning. Network: Computation in Neural Systems 13(2), 179–194 (2002)
Johansson, C., Lansner, A.: BCPNN Implemented with Fixed-Point Arithmetic, TRITA-NA-P0403, Nada, KTH: Stockholm (2004)
Bailey, J., Hammerstrom, D.: Why VLSI Implementations of Associative VLCNs Require Connection Multiplexing. In: Proc. of Internat. Conf. on Neural Networks, San Diego (1988)
Deiss, S.R., Douglas, R.J., Whatley, A.M.: A Pulse-Coded Communication Infrastructure for Neuromorphic Systems. In: Maass, W., Bishop, C.M. (eds.) Pulsed Neural Networks, pp. 157–178. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
Jonsson, J.: Pilot Study of a Parallel Implementation of a Bayesian Confidence Propagating Neural Network, TRITA-NA-E03158, Nada: Stockholm (2003)
Johansson, C., Lansner, A.: Mapping of the BCPNN onto Cluster Computers, TRITA-NA-P0305, Nada, KTH: Stockholm (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Johansson, C., Lansner, A. (2004). Towards Cortex Sized Artificial Nervous Systems. In: Negoita, M.G., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. KES 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3213. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30132-5_129
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30132-5_129
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23318-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30132-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive