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Clinical Nuclear Medicine pp 241–262Cite as

Musculoskeletal System

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Abstract

Bone scintigraphy is used as a common screening test for suspected bone metastases because of its high sensitivity, availability, low cost, and ability to scan the entire skeleton. Historical data and clinical experience has established bone scintigraphy as the reference standard in the search for skeletal metastatic disease and many indications have become established for benign skeletal disorders (Table 10.1). Chiewitz and Hevesy first described the use of radionuclides to study the skeleton in 1935 where phosphorus-32 (32P) activity was measured in rat organs with a Geiger-Müller counter and where uptake of 32P from blood to bone was noted, suggesting that skeletal metabolism is a dynamic process. Fleming and colleagues produced the first radionuclide skeletal images in 1961 using 85Sr (Fleming et al. 1961) and this radioisotope was commonly used for bone scanning and the study of skeletal kinetics. Although 87mSr was introduced as an alternative bone scanning agent with a more suitable gamma ray for imaging of 388 keV and half-life of 2.8 h, the introduction of 18F-fluoride and then 99mTc labelled compounds superseded this. In 1971, Subramanian and McAfee successfully prepared technetium-99m-polyphosphates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, St. Thomas’ Street, London, SE1 9RT, UK

    G. Gnanasegaran MBBS, MSc, MD & I. Fogelman BSc, MD, FRCP

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK

    G. Cook MSc, MD, FRCP, FRCR

Authors
  1. G. Gnanasegaran MBBS, MSc, MD
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  2. G. Cook MSc, MD, FRCP, FRCR
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  3. I. Fogelman BSc, MD, FRCP
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 15, D-53127, Bonn, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Biersack M.D. (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Director, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine Montefiore Medical Centre/Moses Division, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA

    Leonard M. Freeman M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Gnanasegaran, G., Cook, G., Fogelman, I. (2007). Musculoskeletal System. In: Biersack, HJ., Freeman, L.M. (eds) Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28026-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28026-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28026-2

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