Abstract
Informal, as well as econometric evidence, suggests there is a close association between high technology employment and major research universities in the United States (Acs 2002). Typically cited are the links between Stanford University and Silicon Valley or MIT and Route 128. Such a nexus has scarcely emerged in Europe except in the form of a few fledgling research parks such as Cambridge, England (Lumme et al. 1993; Cooke and Simmie 2002), and the capitol region of Norway (Wiig-Aslesen, this volume). Formal tests conducted by Jaffe (1989) provide econometric evidence for the real effects of academic research in terms of its spillover to corporate patenting activity. In addition, papers by Jaffe, Trajtenberg, and Henderson (1993), and Almeida and Kogut (1997) demonstrate the significant degree of localisation of these knowledge externalities with respect to patent citations.
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Acs, Z.J., FitzRoy, F.R., Smith, I. (2002). High Technology Employment and Knowledge Spillovers. In: Acs, Z.J., de Groot, H.L.F., Nijkamp, P. (eds) The Emergence of the Knowledge Economy. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24823-1_9
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