Skip to main content

The English language fluency and occupational success of ethnic minority immigrant men living in English metropolitan areas

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Population Economics ((POPULATION))

Abstract

This paper examines two crucial aspects of the assimilation experience of ethnic minority immigrants in the United Kingdom. It explores the determinants of their English language (speaking) fluency and the key role such skills play in their occupational success. Our sample is derived from the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities undertaken in 1994. Uniquely this data contains an interviewer-assessed measure of English language fluency. Importantly, we also attempt to control for possible endogeneity bias in the estimates of the effect of language fluency on occupational success. We find that fluency is associated with significantly higher mean hourly occupational wages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aldrich JH, Nelson FD (1984) Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Models. Sage University Press, Beverly Hills

    Google Scholar 

  2. Angrist JD, Imbens GW, Rubin DB (1996) Identification of Casual Effects Using Instrumental Variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 91:444–

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Blackaby DH, Clark K, Leslie DG, Murphy PD (1994) Black-White Male Earnings and Employment Prospects in the 1970s and 1980s. Economics Letters 46:273–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Blackaby DH, Drinkwater S, Leslie DG, Murphy PD (1997) A Picture of Male and Female Unemployment Among Britain’s Ethnic Minorities. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 44:82–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Blackaby DH, Leslie DG, Murphy PD, O’Leary NC (1998) The Ethnic Wage Gap and Employment Differentials in the 1990s: Evidence for Britain. Economics Letters 58:97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bound J, Jaeger DA, Baker R (1995) Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation Between the Instruments and the Endogenous Variable is Weak. Journal of the American Statistical Association 90:443–450

    Google Scholar 

  7. Borjas GJ (1985) Assimilation, Changes in Cohort Quality and the Earnings of Immigrants. Journal of Labor Economics 3(4):321–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Borjas GJ (1987) Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants. American Economic Review 77:531–553

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chiswick BR (1978) The Effect of Americanisation on the Earnings of Foreign-Born Men. Journal of Political Economy 86:897–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chiswick BR (1991) Speaking, Reading and Earnings among Low-Skilled Immigrants. Journal of Labor Economics 9(2):149–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chiswick BR (1998) Hebrew Language Usage: Determinants and Effects on Earnings Among Immigrants in Israel. Journal of Population Economics 11(2):253–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1992) Language in the Immigrant Labor Market. In: Chiswick BR (ed) Immigration, Language and Ethnicity: Canada and the United States. American Enterprise Institute, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1995) The Endogeneity Between Language and Earnings: International Analyses. Journal of Labor Economics 13(2):246–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1996) Ethnic Networks and Language Proficiency Among Immigrants. Journal of Population Economics 9(1):19–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1998) English Language Fluency Among Immigrants in the United States. Research in Labor Economics 17:151–200

    Google Scholar 

  16. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1999a) Language Skills and Earnings Among Legalized Aliens. Journal of Population Economics 12(1):63–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chiswick BR, Miller PW (1999b) Immigrant Earnings: Language Skills, Linguistic Concentrations and the Business Cycle. Paper presented at the Centre for Economic Policy Research Conference “Marginal Labour Markets in Metropolitan Areas”. Dublin, October 10–12, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dustmann C (1994) Speaking Fluency, Writing Fluency and Earnings of Migrants. Journal of Population Economics 7:133–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Dustmann C (1997) The Effects of Education, Parental Background and Ethnic Concentration on Language. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 37 (Special Issue):245–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Dustmann C (1999) Temporary Migration, Human Capital and Language Fluency of Migrants. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 101:297–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dustmann C, Fabbri F (2000) Language Proficiency and Labour Market Performance of Immigrants in the UK. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion paper no. 156

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dustmann C, van Soest A (1998a) Language and the Earnings of Immigrants. mimeo, University College London, September

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dustmann C, van Soest A (1998b) Language Fluency and Earnings: Estimation With Misclassified Language Indicators. mimeo, University College London, October

    Google Scholar 

  24. Galor O, Stark O (1990) Migrants’ Savings, the Probability of Return Migration and Migrants’ Performance. International Economic Review 31:463–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gazioglu S (1996) English Language Proficiency and the Earnings of Turkish and Bangladeshi Immigrants in London. In: Gazioglu S (ed) Migrants in the European Labour Market, J-Net, Aberdeen

    Google Scholar 

  26. Harmon C, Walker I (1995) Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for the United Kingdom. American Economic Review 85:1278–1286

    Google Scholar 

  27. Harmon C, Walker I (1999) The Marginal and Average Returns to Schooling in the UK. European Economic Review 43:879–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Harper B, Haq M (1997) Occupational Attainment of Men in Britain. Oxford Economic Papers 47:638–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hatton TJ, Wheatley Price S (1999) Migration, Migrants and Policy in the United Kingdom. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion paper no. 81

    Google Scholar 

  30. Heckman JJ (1997) Instrumental Variables: A Study of Implicit Behavioural Assumptions Used in Making Program Evaluations. Journal of Human Resources 32:441–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ichino A, Winter-Ebmer R (1999) Lower Bounds and Upper Bounds of Returns to Schooling: An Exercise in IV Estimation With Different Instruments. European Economic Review 43:889–901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. McFadden D (1973) Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behaviour. In: Zaremka P (ed) Frontiers in Econometrics. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  33. Merkle L, Zimmermann ZF (1992) Savings, Remittances and Return Migration. Economics Letters 38:77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Modood T, Berthoud R et al. (1997) Ethnic Minorities in Britain. Policy Studies Institute, London

    Google Scholar 

  35. Nickell SJ (1982) The Determinants of Occupational Success in Britain. Review of Economic Studies 49:43–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Owen D (1992) Ethnic Minorities in Great Britain: Settlement Patterns. Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, 1991 Census Statistical Paper No. 1, University of Warwick, November

    Google Scholar 

  37. Owen D (1993) Country of Birth: Settlement Patterns. Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, 1991 Census Statistical Paper No. 5, University of Warwick. December

    Google Scholar 

  38. Pudney SE, Shields MA (2000) Gender, Race, Pay and Promotion in the British Nursing Profession: Estimation of a Generalised Ordered Probit Model. Journal of Applied Econometrics 15:367–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sargan JD (1964) Wages and Prices in the United Kingdom: A Study in Econometric Methodology. In: Hart PE, Mills G, Whitaker JK (eds.) Econometric Analysis for National Economic Planning. Butterworth, London

    Google Scholar 

  40. Shields MA, Wheatley Price S (1998) The Earnings of Male Immigrants in England: Evidence from the Quarterly LFS. Applied Economics 30:1157–1168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Shields MA, Wheatley Price S (1999a) Ethnic Differences in British Employer-Funded on and Offthe-Job Training. Applied Economics Letters 6:421–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Shields MA, Wheatley Price S (1999b) Ethnic Differences in the Incidence and Determinants of Employer-Funded Training in Britain. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 46:523–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Staiger D, Stock Q (1997) Instrumental Variables Regression With Weak Instruments. Econometrica 65:557–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Stewart MB (1983) Racial Discrimination and Occupational Attainment in Britain. Economic Journal 93:521–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Veall MR, Zimmermann KF (1992) Pseudo-R2’s in the Ordinal Probit Model. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 16:332–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Veall MR, Zimmermann KF (1996) Pseudo-R2 Measure for Some Common Limited Dependent Variable Models. Journal of Economic Surveys 10:241–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wheatley Price S (2001a) The Employment Adjustment of Male Immigrants in England. Journal of Population Economics 14:193–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Wheatley Price S (2001b) The Unemployment Experience of Male Immigrants in England. Applied Economics 33:201–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shields, M.A., Wheatley Price, S. (2004). The English language fluency and occupational success of ethnic minority immigrant men living in English metropolitan areas. In: Zimmermann, K.F., Constant, A. (eds) How Labor Migrants Fare. Population Economics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24753-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24753-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-53448-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24753-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics