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Postkoloniale Ethnologie. Vom Objekt postkolonialer Kritik zur Ethnografie der neoliberalen Globalisierung

  • Daniel Münster
Chapter

Zusammenfassung

»The complicity of colonialism and social sciences«, schrieb Ranajit Guha, der indische Historiker und Begründer der Subaltern Studies, »is nowhere more explicit than in anthropology.« (1987: xiii) Die Ethnologie hat somit eine paradoxe Stellung innerhalb des vorliegenden Versuches, das inter- und transdisziplinäre Projekt der postkolonialen Studien in ausdifferenzierten ›postkolonialen Wissenschaften‹ zu normalisieren: Einerseits hat die Ethnologie wohl keinen selbstverständlichen Platz in solch einem postkolonialen Fächerreigen, gehört sie doch zu denjenigen Fächern, die selbst Objekt massiver postkolonialer Kritik waren. In der Fachgeschichte der Ethnologie müssen die kolonialen Verstrickungen heute als zentral gesehen werden (vgl. Stocking 1991). Ethnologie war lange ein europäisches Projekt und für die Erforschung des nicht-europäischen, nicht-modernen, nicht-aufgeklärten Teils der Weltbevölkerung zuständig (vgl. Trouillot 1991), in deren Deskription die Überlegenheit des wissenden Sprechersubjektes (des/der EthnografIn) und die unmarkierte Universalität des Westens (vgl. Coronil 1996) strukturell angelegt war.

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