Zusammenfassung
Globalisierung kann durch weltweite Arbeitsteilung und zunehmenden Handel zwischen Volkswirtschaften definiert werden. Technologie und Wissen, Investitionen und Kapital können Grenzen leicht überschreiten. Ohne die zunehmende Verbreitung der wirtschaftlichen Freiheit und des Kapitalismus wäre die Globalisierung nicht möglich gewesen. Weil sich die Finanzmarktkrise 2008 über die ganze Welt verbreitet hat und die Legitimität der wirtschaftlichen Freiheit und des Kapitalismus infrage stellt, gefährden die zunehmenden Staatseingriffe auch die Erhaltung der Globalisierungsgewinne. Freihandel und Globalisierung erhöhen den Wettbewerb, die Produktivität und das Wirtschaftswachstum. Obwohl die Globalisierung mit zunehmender Ungleichheit innerhalb vieler Länder zusammenhängt, hat die Ungleichheit unter den Menschen eher abgenommen. Einkommensungleichheit zwischen Ländern ist auch die Quelle der ‚Vorteile der Rückständigkeit’, die vor allem von asiatischen Schwellenländern genutzt worden sind. Das nachholende Wachstum der Schwellenländer trägt zur ‚schöpferischen Zerstörung’ und weltweitem Strukturwandel bei, was westliche Volkswirtschaften zur Anpassung zwingt. Der Westen muss entweder innovativer und unternehmerischer werden oder er wird langsam zurückfallen. Das führt zu Ressentiments und protektionistischen Neigungen, die von Sonderinteressengruppen genutzt werden. Der Protektionismus beeinträchtigt nicht nur die Weltwirtschaft, sondern schadet vor allem den Ärmsten.
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Weede, E. (2011). Wachstum und Verteilung in einer globalisierten Welt. In: Mayer, T., Meyer, R., Miliopoulos, L., Ohly, H.P., Weede, E. (eds) Globalisierung im Fokus von Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93334-4_3
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