Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklungspsychologie konzeptualisiert den Entwicklungsprozess als einen unentwegten Austausch zwischen Individuum und Umwelt. Beide wirken aktiv und miteinander verschränkt aufeinander ein. In dieser Interaktion führen Veränderungen des eines Teils zu Veränderungen des anderen Teils oder des Gesamtsystems und diese Veränderungen wirken wieder auf den Urheber zurück, der sich daraufhin ebenfalls verändert. Diese „dynamischen“ Interaktionen, die zu Veränderungen führen oder auch Stabilitäten ausbilden, finden auf der Zeitdimension des Lebensalters statt. Der Lebenslauf lässt sich als eine Folge von Herausforderungen, kritischen Lebensereignissen, Belastungen, Übergängen und Wendepunkten strukturieren, die – so sie alterstypisch sind und der Norm entsprechen – als „Entwicklungsaufgaben“ bezeichnet werden. Das Entwicklungsaufgabenkonzept beschreibt diese kultur- und altersabhängigen Belastungen und Herausforderungen. Ihre Bewältigung setzt individuelle Entwicklung in Gang und treibt sie voran: Neue Orientierungen und der Aufbau von Strukturen werden möglich, so dass das Individuum eine weitere Entwicklungsstufe erreicht.
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Boeger, A. (2010). Entwicklungspsychologie. In: Steins, G. (eds) Handbuch Psychologie und Geschlechterforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92180-8_8
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