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Europaforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen

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Handbuch Internationale Beziehungen

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Zusammenfassung

Der zentrale Untersuchungsgegenstand der Europaforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen ist die Erklärung politischer Integration, d. h. die Übertragung von staatlichen Hoheitsrechten auf die supranationale Ebene. Drei unterschiedliche Denkschulen – Intergouvernementalismus, Supranationalismus (bzw. Neofunktionalismus) und Konstruktivismus – dominieren die integrationstheoretische Debatte. Die IB-inspirierte Europaforschung setzt sich jedoch nicht nur mit den Ursachen von Integration auseinander, sondern zunehmend auch mit deren Wirkung. Durch die Unterscheidung von sechs Politikfeldern der klassischen IB zeichnet dieser Beitrag systematisch die Grundlinien der Europaforschung in diesem Bereich nach. Während einige Politikfelder funktional definiert und unterschiedlich stark integriert sind (Handel, Außenpolitik, Verteidigung), beziehen sich andere Bereiche auf die horizontale Reichweite von EU-Außenpolitik (z. B. Erweiterung, Nachbarschaftspolitik, Entwicklung). Diese politikfeldspezifischen Unterschiede von Ursachen und Wirkungen implizieren, dass sich die moderne Europaforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen notwendigerweise mit unterschiedlichen Formen differenzierter Integration auseinandersetzen muss.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Siehe Rittberger und Schimmelfennig (2005) für eine ausführliche Darstellung der Integrationstheorien sowie deren Anwendung auf einzelne Politikbereiche (vertikale Integration) und Erweiterungsrunden (horizontale Integration). Leuffen et al. (2013) bieten ebenfalls einen detaillierten Überblick der Integrationstheorien mit einem besonderen Fokus auf der Erklärung flexibler bzw. differenzierte Integration.

  2. 2.

    Dieser Abschnitt basiert auf den Arbeiten von Rittberger und Schimmelfennig (2005) sowie Leuffen et al. (2013).

  3. 3.

    Parallel zu den theoretischen Entwicklungen in den IB rekurrieren einige konstruktivistische Analysen der europäischen Integration auf eine post-positivistische Methodologie. Insbesondere die diskursive (sprachliche) Entstehung von Normen und Institutionen wird dabei empirisch rekonstruiert (siehe hierzu auch Wiener und Diez 2009, S. 10–11).

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  1. Geschwister-Scholl-Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538, München, Deutschland

    Berthold Rittberger & Moritz Weiss

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Rittberger, B., Weiss, M. (2017). Europaforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen. In: Sauer, F., Masala, C. (eds) Handbuch Internationale Beziehungen. Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19918-4_19

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