Skip to main content
Book cover

Handbuch Medienwirkungsforschung pp 207–223Cite as

Kultivierungsforschung: Idee, Entwicklung und Integration

Abstract

Die Kultivierungsforschung befasst sich mit der Frage, in wie weit das Fernsehen Realitätswahrnehmung und Einstellungen der Zuschauer langfristig formt. Seit ihrer Begründung durch George Gerbner Ende der 1960er Jahre untersuchten Forscher die verschiedensten Themenbereiche, setzten sich mit der Bedeutung selektiver Fernsehnutzung auseinander und prüften Einflüsse von Rezipientenmerkmalen. Eine ganze Reihe von Studien versucht, Kultivierungseffekte psychologisch zu erklären, andere beziehen die Verarbeitung narrativer Inhalte mit ein. Zunehmend lassen sich Integrationsversuche mit anderen Medienwirkungstheorien finden. Nach einem kurzen Abriss der Ursprünge und Kritikpunkte der Kultivierungsforschung setzt sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit aktuellen Themen und Befunden, Wirkungsarten und -determinanten, Erklärungsansätzen und Integrationsversuchen auseinander, um abschließend den Forschungsstand, auch angesichts neuer Medientechnologien, kritisch zu beleuchten.

Schlagwörter

  • Fernsehen
  • Kultivierung erster und zweiter Ordnung
  • heuristische und systematische Urteilsbildung
  • online und erinnerungsgestützte Urteile
  • Transportation

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-531-18967-3_10
  • Chapter length: 17 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-531-18967-3
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literaturtipps

  • Morgan, M. & Shanahan, J. (2010). Th e State of Cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 54, 337–355.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C. (2008). Fiktion Wirklichkeit. Ein Modell der Informationsverarbeitung im Kultivierungsprozess. Wiesbaden: VS.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Literatur

  • Anderson, J. R. (1983). A Spreading Activation Th eory of Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22, 261–295.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Beullens, K., Roe, K., & Van Den Bulck, J. (2011). Th e Impact of Adolescents’ News and Action Movie Viewing on Risky Driving Behavior: A Longitudinal Study. Human Communication Research 37, 488–508.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. W. (2008). Transportation and Transportability in the Cultivation of Genre-Consistent Attitudes and Estimates. Journal of Communication 58, 508–529.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, S. D. (2007). Neural Network Simulations Support Heuristic Processing Model of Cultivation Effects. Media Psychology 10, 449–469.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. D., & L’Engle, K. L. (2009). X-Rated. Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Associated With U. S. Early Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Media. Communication Research 36, 129–151.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, J., & Miron, D. (2004). Th eory and Research in Mass Communication. Journal of Communication 54, 662–704.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Calzo, J. P., & Ward, L. M. (2009). Media Exposure and Viewers’ Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Evidence for Mainstreaming or Resonance ? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53, 280–299.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, H., Wilson, K., & Choi, J. (2011). Perceived Realism of Television Medical Dramas and Perceptions About Physicians. Journal of Media Psychology 23, 141–148.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlstrom, M. F., & Scheufele, D. A. (2010). Diversity of Television Exposure and its Association with the Cultivation of Concern for Environmental Risks. Environmental Communication 4, 54–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daschmann, G. (2001). Der Einfl uß von Fallbeispielen auf Leserurteile. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Medienwirkung. Konstanz: UVK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diefenbach, D. L., & West, M. D. (2007). Television and Attitudes toward Mental Health Issues: Cultivation Analysis and the Th ird-Person Effect. Journal of Community Psychology 35, 181–195.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Doob, A. N., & Macdonald, G. E. (1979). Television Viewing and Fear of Victimization: Is the Relationship Causal ? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 170–179.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as Object-Evaluation Associations: Determinants, Consequences, and Correlates of Attitude Accessibility. In R. E. Petty, & J. A. Krosnick, J. A (Hrsg.), Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences (S. 247–282). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and Changing behavior. Th e Reasoned Action Approach. New York: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G. (1969). Toward „Cultural Indicators“: Th e Analysis of Mass Mediated Message Systems. AV Communication Review 17, 137–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with Television: Th e Violence Profi le. Journal of Communication 26, 173–199.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1986). Living with Television: Th e Dynamics of the Cultivation Process. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Hrsg.), Perspectives on Media Eff ects (S. 17–40). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, J. E. (2009). Th e Cultivation, Mainstreaming, and Cognitive Processing of Environmentalists Watching Television. Environmental Communication 3, 279–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastie R., & Park, B. (1986). Th e Relationship between Memory and Judgment Depends on whether the Judgment Task is Memory-Based or On-line. Psychological Review 93, 258–268.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1981). Using Television to Construct Social Reality. Journal of Broadcasting 25, 347–364.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, R. P., Pingree, S., & Adler, I. (1987). Searching for Cognitive Processes in the Cultivation Eff ect. Adult and Adolescent Samples in the United States and Australia. Human Communication Research 13, 553–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertel, G., & Bless, H. (2000). „On-line“ und erinnerungsgestützte Urteilsbildung: Auslösefaktoren und empirische Unterscheidungsmöglichkeiten. Psychologische Rundschau 51, 19–28.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hetsroni, A. (2007). Open or Closed – Th is is the Question: Th e Infl uence of Question Format on the Cultivation Eff ect. Communication Methods and Measures 1, 215–226.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, P. (1980). Th e ‚Scary World‘ of the Nonviewers and Other Anomalies: A Reanalysis of Gerbner et al.’s Findings on Cultivation Analysis. Part I. Communication Research 7, 403–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbert, R. L., Shah, D. V., & Kwak, N. (2004). Fear, Authority, and Justice: Crime-Related TV Viewing and Endorsements of Capital Punishment and Gun Ownership. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81, 343–363.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffres, L. W., Neuendorf, K. A., Bracken, C., & Atkin, D. (2008). Integrating Th eoretical Traditions in Media Eff ects: Using Th ird-Person Eff ects to Link Agenda-Setting and Cultivation. Mass Communication & Society 11, 470–491.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lücke, S. (2007). Ernährung im Fernsehen. Eine Kultivierungsstudie zur Darstellung und Wirkung. Wiesbaden: VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M.-L. (1996). Th e Role of Source Confusions in Television’s Cultivation of Social Reality Judgments. Human Communication Research 23, 278–297.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (1997). Two Decades of Cultivation Research: An Appraisal and Meta-Analysis. In B. R. Burleson, & A. W. Kunkel (Hrsg.), Communication Yearbook 20 (S. 1–45). Th ousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (2010). Th e State of Cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 54, 337–355.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1990). Cultivation Analysis: Conceptualization and Methodology. In N. Signorielli, & M. Morgan (Hrsg.), Cultivation Analysis New Directions in Media Eff ects Research (S. 13–34). Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabi, R. L & Sullivan, J. L. (2001). Does Television Viewing Relate to Engagement in Protective Action Against Crime ? A Cultivation Analysis from a Th eory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Communication Research 28, 802–825.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Nabi, R. L., & Riddle, K. (2008). Personality Traits, Television Viewing, and the Cultivation Effect. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 52, 327–348.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, H. (1978). Assessing the Violence Profi le of Gerbner and Gross: A Humanistic Critique and Suggestions. Communication Research 5, 264–282.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2009). Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Notions of Woman as Sex Objects: Assessing Causality and Underlying Processes. Journal of Communication 59, 407–433.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, W. J. (1988). Th ree Strategies for Elaborating the Cultivation Hypothesis. Journalism Quarterly 65, 930–939.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, W. J. (1991). Examining Cultivation from a Psychological Perspective. Component Subprocesses. Communication Research 18, 77–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quick, B. L. (2009). Th e Eff ects of Viewing Grey’s Anatomy on Perceptions of Doctors and Patient Satisfaction. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53, 38–55.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Riddle, K., Potter, W. J., Metzger, M. J., Nabi, R. L., & Linz, D. G. (2011). Beyond Cultivation: Exploring the Eff ects of Frequency, Recency, and Vivid Autobiographical Memories for Violent Media. Media Psychology 14, 168–191.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., Davies, J., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R. (2004). Implications of the Mental Models Approach for Cultivation Th eory. Communications: Th e European Journal of Communication Research 29, 345–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C. (2008). Fiktion Wirklichkeit. Ein Modell der Informationsverarbeitung im Kultivierungsprozess. Wiesbaden: VS.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C. (2011). Th eory of Reasoned Action – Th eory of Planned Behavior. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C., & Brosius, H.-B. (2004). Th e Problem of Causality in Cultivation Research. Communications: Th e European Journal of Communication Research 29, 379–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C., & Brosius, H.-B. (2005). Vom hässlichen Entlein zum schönen Schwan ? Zur Darstellung und Wirkung von Schönheitsoperationen im Fernsehen. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft 53, 507–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann, C., Früh, H., & Kris, A. (2007). Same Sex – Diff erent City. Th e Depiction of Women in „Th e L-Word“ and „Sex and the City“ and its Impact on the Perception of Homosexuality in Germany. Paper presented at the 57th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, San Francisco, 24. – 28. Mai.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, L. M. (2005). Cultivation and the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Test of the Learning and Construction and Availability Heuristic Models. Communication Studies 56, 227–242.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Salmi, V., Smolej, M., & Kivivuori, J. (2007). Crime Victimization, Exposure to Crime News and Social Trust Among Adolescents. Young 15, 255–272.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Segrin, C., & Nabi, R. L. (2002). Does Television Viewing Cultivate Unrealistic Expectations about Marriage ? Journal of Communication 52, 247–261.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Semmler, S. (2007). Cultivation as a Process of Parasocial Symbolic Interaction. Paper presented at the 57th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, San Francisco, 24. – 28. Mai.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanahan, J., Scheufele, D., Yang, F., & Hizi, S. (2004). Cultivation and Spiral of Silence Eff ects: Th e Case of Smoking. Mass Communication & Society 7, 413–428.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, M. A. (1991). Memory and Decision Processes in the Construction of Social Reality. Communication Research 18, 3–24.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Shrum, L. J. (1999). Th e Relationship of Television Viewing with Attitude Strength and Extremity: Implications for the Cultivation Eff ect. Media Psychology 1, 3–25.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Shrum, L. J. (2009). Media Consumption and Perceptions of Social Reality. Eff ects and Underlying Processes. In J. Bryant, & M. B. Oliver (Hrsg.), Media Eff ects. Advances in Th eory and Research (S. 50–73). New York, London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrum, L. J., Lee, J., Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfl eisch, A. (2011). An Online Process Model of Second- Order Cultivation Eff ects: How Television Cultivates Materialism and Its Consequences for Life Satisfaction. Human Communication Research 37, 34–57.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sotirovic, M. (2001). Media Use and Perceptions of Welfare. Journal of Communication 51, 750–774.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tapper, J. (1995). Th e Ecology of Cultivation: A Conceptual Model for Cultivation Research. Communication Th eory 5, 36–57.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wünsch, C., Nitsch, C., & Eilders, C. (2012). Politische Kultivierung am Vorabend. Ein prolonged- exposure-Experiment zur Wirkung der Fernsehserie „Lindenstraße“. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft 2, 176–196.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft und Medienforschung, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, München, Deutschland

    Dr. Constanze Rossmann

Authors
  1. Dr. Constanze Rossmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Constanze Rossmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ilmenau, Thüringen, Germany

    Wolfgang Schweiger

  2. Inst. f. Kommunikationswiss. u. Medienf., Univ. München, Oettingenstr. 67, München, 80538, Germany

    Andreas Fahr

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rossmann, C. (2013). Kultivierungsforschung: Idee, Entwicklung und Integration. In: Schweiger, W., Fahr, A. (eds) Handbuch Medienwirkungsforschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18967-3_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18967-3_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-531-18158-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-531-18967-3

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Science (German Language)