Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Biochemical Basis of Atherosclerosis: Roles for Cytokines

  • Chapter
New Aspects of Metabolism and Behaviour of Mesenchymal Cells during the Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis

Part of the book series: Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ((ARAW,volume 87))

Abstract

Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence continues to accumulate linking disordered lipid metabolism with a development of atherosclerosis in humans and other animals. Over the last fiften years a great deal of information has become available regarding protein growth factors that can influence the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, a process thought crucial in the transition from the fatty to the fibrious complicated atheroma. Although a definite rôle for any given growth factor during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is uncertain, it is reasonable to adopt the working hypothesis that disordered growth control of proliferation involving such factors contributes to atherogensis. Despite remarkable advances in understanding the structure of apolipoproteins and their receptors and the metabolism of lipids in the organism and within cells and a burgeoning of structural information regarding protein growth factors, there is little information regarding the mechanisms that link these two biochemical factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial diseases. Our laboratory has been interested in the possibility that cytokines may provide a link between dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. This brief review will outline some of the concepts regarding interrelations between cytokine gene expression and other factors postulated to contribute to atherogenesis. Current approaches should permit testing these concepts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bevilacqua, M.P., Pober, J.S., Majeau, G.R., Cotran, R.S., Gimbrone, Jr., M.A. (1984): Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression of procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells. J. Exp. Med., 160: 618–623.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stern, D., Nawroth, P., Handley, D., Kisiel, W. (1985): An endothelial cell-dependent pathway of coagulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 2523–2527.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stern, D.M., Bank, I., Nawroth, P.P., Cassimeris, J., Kisiel, W., J.W. 2. Fenton, Dinarello, C., Chess, L., Jaffe, E.A. (1985): Self-regulation of procoagulant events on the endothelial cell surface. J. Exp. Med. 162: 1223–1235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bevilacqua, M.P., Schleef, R., Gimbrone, Jr., M.A., Loskutoff, D.J. (1986): Regulation of the fibrinolytic system of cultured human vascular endothelium by IL-1. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 587–591.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Poole, J.C.F., Florey, H.W. (1958): Changes in the endothelium of the aorta and the behavior of macrophages in experimental atheroma of rabbits. J. Path. Bact. 75: 245–253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gerrity, R.G., Naito, H.K., Richardson, M., Schwartz, C.J. (1979): Dietary induced atherogenesis in swine: Morphology of the intima in prelesion stages. Am. J. Pathol. 95: 775–786.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Faggiotto, A., Ross, R., Harker, L. (1984): Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation. Arteriosclerosis 4: 323–340.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rosenfeld, M.E., Tsukada, T., Gown, A.M., Ross, R. (1987): Fatty streak initiation in watanabe heritable hyperlipemic and comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits. Arteriosclerosis 7: 9–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bevilacqua, M.P., Stengelin, S., Gimbrone, M.A. Jr., Seed, B. (1989): Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule 1: An inducible receptor for neutrophils related to complement regulatory proteins and lectins. Science 243: 1160–1165.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Johnston, G.I., Cook, R.G., McEver, R.P. (1989): Cloning of GMP-140, a granule membrane protein of platelets and endothelium: sequence similarity to proteins involved in cell adhesion and inflammation. Cell 56: 1033–1044.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Libby, P., Warner, S.J.C., Friedman, G.B. (1988): Interleukin-1: a mitogen for human vascular smooth muscle cells that induces the release of growth-inhibitory prostanoids. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 487–498.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Raines, E.W., Dower, S.K., Ross, R. (1989): Interleukin-1 mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells is due to PDGF-AA. Science 243: 393–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Friesel, R., Komoriya, A., Maciag, T. (1987): Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by gamma-interferon. J. Cell. Biol. 104: 689–96.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hansson, G.K., Jonasson, L., Holm, J., Clowes, M.K., Clowes, A. (1988): Gamma interferon regulates vascular smooth muscle proliferation and la expression in vivo and in vitro. Cir. Research 712–719.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Warner, S.J.C., Friedman, G.B., Libby, P. (1989): Immune interferon inhibits proliferation and induces 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 83: 1174–1182.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bagby, G.C.J., Dinarello, C.A., Wallace, P., Wagner, C., Hefeneider, S., McCall, E. (1986): Interleukin 1 stimulates granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity release by vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 1316–1323.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rajavashisth, T.B., Andalibi, A., Territo, M.C., Berliner, J.A., Navab, M., Fogelman, A.M., Lusis, A.J. (1990): Induction of endothelial cell expression of granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors by modified low-density lipoproteins. Nature 344: 254–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hajjar, K.A., Hajjar, D.P., Silverstein, R.L., Nachman, R.L. (1987): Tumor necrosis factor-mediated release of platelet-derived growth factor from cultured endothelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 166: 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dejana, E., Breviario, F., Erroi, A., Bussolino, F., Mussoni, L., Gramse, M., Pintucci, G., Casali, B., Dinarello, C.A., Van Damme, J., Mantovani, A. (1987): Modulation of endothelial cell functions by different molecular species of interleukin 1. Blood 69: 695–699.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Albrightson, C.R., Baenziger, N.L., Needleman, P. (1985): Exaggerated human vascular cell prostaglandin biosynthesis mediated by monocytes: role of monokines and interleukin 1. J. Immunol. 135: 1872–1877.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bussolino, F., Breviario, F., Tetta, C., Aglietta, M., Mantovani, A., Dejana, E. (1986): Interleukin 1 stimulates platelet-activating factor production in cultured human endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 77: 2027–2033.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Warner, S.J.C., Auger, K.R., Libby, P. (1987): Human interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Exp. Med. 165: 1316–1331.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Warner, S.J.C., Auger, K.R., Libby, P. (1987): Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-1. II. Recombinant human interleukin-1 induces interleukin-1 production by adult human vascular endothelial cells. J. Immunol. 139: 1911–1917.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Libby, P., Ordovàs, J.M., Auger, K.R., Robbings, H., Birinyi, L.K., Dinarello, C.A. (1986): Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor induce interleukin-1 gene expression in adult human vascular endothelial cells. Am. J. Path. 124: 179–186.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Warner, S.J.C., Libby, P. (1989): Human vascular smooth muscle cells: Target for and source of tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol. 142: 100–109.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sironi, M., Breviario, F., Proserpio, P., Biondi, A., Vecchi, A., Van Damme, J., Dejana, E., Mantovani, A. (1989): ILl stimulates IL6 production in endothelial cells. J. Immunol. 142: 549–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Loppnow, H., Libby, P. (1989): Adult human vascular endothelial cells express the IL6 gene differentially in response to LPS or ILl. Cell. Immunol. 122: 493–503.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Loppnow, H., Libby, P. (1990): Proliferating or Interleukin 1-activated Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Secrete Copious Interleukin 6. J. Clin. Invest. 85: 731–738.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Strieter, R.M., Kunkel, S.L., Showell, HJ., Remick, D.G., Phan, S.H., Ward, P.A. Marks, R.M. (1989): Endothelial cell gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor by TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-1 beta. Science 243: 1467–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sica, A., Matsushima, K., Van Damme, J., Wang, J.M., Polentarutti, N., Dejana, E., Co-lotta, F., Mantovani, A. (1990): IL-1 transcriptionally activates the neutrophil chemotactic factor/IL-8 gene in endothelial cells. Immunology 69: 548–553.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sica, A., Wang, J.M., Collota, F., Dejana, E., Mantovani, A., Oppenheim, J.J., Larsen, C.G., Zachariae, C.O., Matsushima, K. (1990): Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor gene expression induced in endothelial cells by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol. 144: 3034–3038.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Williams, K., Sajuthi, D., Tulli, H., Huggins, E., Moyer, C. (1990): Vascular cells in atherosclerotic plaques of cynomolgous monkeys sythesize interleukin-1. FASEB J. 4: A 1154.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Steinberg, D., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T.E., Khoo, J.C., Witztum, J.L. (1989): Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N. Engl. J. Med. 3 20: 915–924.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Boyd, H.C., Gown, A.M., Wolfbauer, G., Chait, A. (1989): Direct evidence for a protein recognized by a monoclonal antibody against oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerotic lesions from a Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Am. J. Pathol.135: 815–25.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Berliner, J.A., Territo, M.C., Sevanian, A., Ramin, S., Kim, J.A., Bamshad, B., Esterson, M., Fogelman, A.M. (1990): Minimally modified low density lipoprotein stimulates monocyte endothelial interactions. J. Clin. Invest. 85: 1260–1266.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fox, P.L., DiCorleto, P.E. (1986): Modofied low density lipoproteins suppress production of a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein by cultured endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 4774–4778.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hamilton, T.A., Ma, G.P., Chisolm, G.M. (1990): Oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol. 144: 2343–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Unit, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA

    Peter Libby M.D.

Authors
  1. Peter Libby M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH Opladen

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Libby, P. (1991). The Biochemical Basis of Atherosclerosis: Roles for Cytokines. In: New Aspects of Metabolism and Behaviour of Mesenchymal Cells during the Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis. Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol 87. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99112-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99112-6_3

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-322-99114-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-99112-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation