Abstract
Public relations has great power for both good and evil in the global system of public communication. Throughout history, public relations practitioners or other people using public relations ideas have represented oppressive governments, oppressive organizations, and socially irresponsible corporations. At the same time, they have been involved in great social reform movements that have eliminated slavery, reduced the oppression of women and minorities, and improved the health and safety of millions of people.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ackerman, B.A. (1980): Social Justice in the Liberal State. New Haven/CN
Anderson, J.R. (1983): The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge/MA
Bemays, E.L. (1923): Crystallizing Public Opinion. New York
Bemays, E.L. (1965): Biography of an Idea - Memoirs of Public Relations Counselor Edward L. Bemays. New York
Bohm, D. (1977): Science as Perception-Communication. In. Suppe, F. (Ed.): The Structure of Scientific Theories. Urbana/IL
Cheney, G./Tompkins, P.K. (1984, March): Toward an Ethic of Identification. Paper presented at the Burke Conference, Philadelphia/PA
Collingwood, RG. (1940): An essay on Metaphysics. London
Craik, F.I.M. (1979): Levels of Processing: Overview and Closing Comments. In. Cermak,L.S./Craik, F. I. M. (Eds.): Levels of Processing in Human Memory. Hillsdale/NJ
Cutlip, S.M. (1987): Pioneering public relations for foreign governments. In: Public Relations Review 13 ( 1987 ) 1, pp. 13–34
Cutlip, S.M. (in press): The Inside Story of Public Relations Early Years. Hillsdale/NJ
Cutlip, S.M./Center, A.H. (1978): Effective Public Relations. 5th Edition. Englewood Cliffs/NJ
Feyerabend, P.R. (1970): Consolations for the specialist. In. Lakatos, I./Musgrave, A.(Eds. ): Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge/UK
Fisher, R./Ury, W. (1983): Getting to Yes. New York
Fishman, D. (1990): An intellectual history approach. In: Teaching public relations 19 (December 1990)
Gilligan, C. (1982): In a Different Voice. Cambridge/MA
Goldman, E.F. (1948): Two-Way Street - The Emergence of the Public Relations Counsel. Boston
Grunig, J.E. (1991): Public relations research–A legacy of Scott Cutlip. In: Public Relations Review 17 ( 1991 ) 4, pp. 357–376
Grunig. J.E. (1992): Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale/Nj
Grunig, J.E./Grunig, L.A. (1992): Models of Public Relations. In. Grunig, J.E. (Ed.): Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale/NJ
Grunig, J.E./Hunt, T. (1984): Managing Public Relations. New York
Grunig, J.E./Ramsey, S./Schneider (aka Grunig), L.A. (1985): An axiomatic theory of cognition and writing. In: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 15 (1985), pp. 95–130
Grunig, J.E./White, J.(1992): The Role of World View in Public Relations Theory and Practice.In. Grunig. J.E. (Ed.): Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management.Hillsdale/NJ
Hainsworth, B.E. (1987): Retrospective - Ivy Lee and the German dye trust. In: Public Relations Review 13 ( 1987 ) 1, pp. 35–44
Harris, N. (1973): Humbug - The Art of P.T. Barnum. Boston
Hiebert, R.E. (1966): Courtier to the Crowd. Ames/IA
Hill, J.W. (1963): The Making of a Public Relations Man. New York
Kearney, M. (1984): World View. Novato/CA
Kohlberg, L. (1981): The Philosophy of Moral Development. San Francisco
Koten, J.A. (1986): Moving toward higher standards for American business. In: Public Relations Review 12 ( 1986 ) 3, pp. 3–11
Kovarik, W.J. (1993): The Ethyl Controversy - How the News Media Interpreted the 1920s Controversy over Leaded Gasoline and the Alternatives. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland. College Park/MD
Kuhn, T.S. (1970): The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago
Laudan, L. (1977): Progress and its Problems. Berkeley/CA
Lee, A.M. (1937): The Daily Newspaper in America. New York
Markus, M., & Zajonc, R.B. (1985): The Cognitive Perspective in Social Psychology. In.Lindsey, G./Anderson, E. (Eds.): Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 1. New York
Marra, F. (1992): Crisis Public Relations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland. College Park/MD
McBride, G.G. (1989): No Season of Silence: Uses of Public Relations in 19th and Early 20th Century Reform Movements in Wisconsin. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. Madison/WI
McCarthy, T. (1978): The Critical Theory of Jurgen Habermas. Cambridge/MA
Merrill, J.C./Odell, S.J. (1983): Philosophy and Journalism. New York
Miller, K. (1992): Smoking up a storm - Public relations and advertising in the construction of the cigarette problem, 1953–1954. In: Journalism Monographs No. 136
Olasky, M.N. (1987): Corporate Public Relations: A New Historical Perspective. Hillsdale/NJ
Paivio, A. (1971): Imagery and Verbal Processes. New York
Paisley, W. (1989): Public Communication Campaigns— The American Experience. In. Rice
R.E./Atkin, C.K. (Eds.): Public Communication Campaigns. Newbury Park/CA Pavlik, J.V. (1987): Public Relations - What Research Tells Us. Newbury Park/CA
Pearson, R. (1989a): Beyond Ethical Relativism in Public Relations: Coorientation, Rules, and the Ideal of Communication Symmetry. In. Grunig, J.E./Grunig, L.A. (Eds.): Public Relations Research Annual, Vol. 1. Hillsdale/NJ
Pearson, R. (1989b): A Theory of Public Relations Ethics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio University. Athens/OH
Schneider, (aka Grunig), L.A. (1985): Implications of the concept of schema for public relations. In: Public Relations Research & Education 2 ( 1985 ) 1, pp. 36–47
Shapere, D. (1984): Reason and the Search for Knowledge. Dordrecht
Suppe, F. (1977): The Structure of Scientific Theories. 2nd Edition. Urbana/IL
Suppe, F. (1989): The Semantic Concept of Theories and Scientific Realism. Urbana/IL
Tedlow, R.S. (1979): Keeping the Corporate Image — Public Relations and Business 1900–1950. Greenwich/CN
Torrance, T.F. (1989): The Christian Frame of Mind — Reason, Order, and Openness in Theology and Natural Science. Colorado Springs
Tuleja, T. (1985): Beyond the Bottom Line. New York
Vroom, H.M. (1989): Religions and the Truth. Grand Rapids/MI
Vercic, D. (1992): Modern Public Relations: Edward L. Bernays and After. Unpublished paper. Ljubljana/Slovenia
Wiebe, G.D. (1963): The Social Dynamics of Corporation-Public Relationships — A Model and a Parable. In. Riley, Jr., J.W. (Ed.): The Corporation and Its Publics — Essays on the Corporate Image. New York
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grunig, J.E. (1994). World View, Ethics, and the Two-Way Symmetrical Model of Public Relations. In: Armbrecht, W., Zabel, U. (eds) Normative Aspekte der Public Relations. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97043-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97043-5_4
Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-531-12552-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-322-97043-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive