Zusammenfassung
Nach der Theorie mentaler Modelle (z.B. Garnham, 1987; Glenberg & Langston, 1992; Johnson-Laird, 1983) wird beim Textverstehen zusätzlich zu Repräsentationen der sprachlichen Oberfläche und des propositionalen Textgehalts auch eine Repräsentation des im Text geschilderten Sachverhalts aufgebaut (“mentales Modell”). Das Bilden eines mentalen Modells macht nach Johnson-Laird Textverstehen aus (Johnson-Laird, 1983, S. 415ff). Zur Begründung, warum zusätzlich zu der Ebene propositionaler Textrepräsentationen eine Ebene der Sachverhaltsrepräsentationen postuliert wird, verweist Johnson-Laird (1983) vor allem auf zwei Funktionen (vgl. auch Johnson-Laird, 1989): (1) Die Sachverhaltsrepräsentation, die zu einem Textsegment gebildet wird, liefert den Kontext für die Interpretation des nachfolgenden Textsegments, insbesondere für die Referenzauflösung, indem sie stellvertretende “Tokens” für die Entitäten der Diskurswelt bereithält, und (2) Sachverhaltsrepräsentationen ermöglichen es, sprachliche Information mit nichtsprachlich erworbenem Wissen bzw. aktuell Wahrgenommenem in Beziehung zu setzen oder zu integrieren, da sie im Prinzip von derselben Art sind wie Repräsentationen, die bei nichtsprachlichen kognitiven Tätigkeiten aufgebaut werden. Es gibt demnach eine Repräsentationsebene, die als gemeinsame Projektionsfläche für sprachliche und nichtsprachliche Information fungiert: Die Repräsentationen auf dieser Ebene “... relate words to the world by way of conception and perception” (Johnson-Laird, 1983, S. 397).
Die Untersuchung wurde im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützten Forschungsprojekts “Nichtsprachliche Kognition und Textverstehen” durchgeführt. Wir danken Volker Bleckmann und Martin Kindsmüller für die Hilfe bei der Erhebung und Auswertung der Daten und Mark Erichsen für die Programmierung der Versuchssteuerung.
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Kaup, B., Kelter, S., Habel, C., Clauser, C. (1997). Zur Wahl des repräsentierten Raumausschnitts beim Aufbau mentaler Modelle während der Textrezeption. In: Umbach, C., Grabski, M., Hörnig, R. (eds) Perspektive in Sprache und Raum. Studien zur Kognitionswissenschaft. Deutscher Universitätsverlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95359-9_3
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