Zusammenfassung
Jahrhundertelang verstand man unter Wissen bewiesenes Wissen-bewiesen entweder durch die Kraft der Vernunft oder durch die Evidenz der Sinne. Es galt als ein Gebot der Weisheit und der intellektuellen Redlichkeit, sich unbewiesener Behauptungen zu enthalten und die Kluft zwischen bloßer Spekulation und begründetem Wissen, sogar im Denken, auf ein Mindestmaß zu beschränken. Wohl wurde die beweisende Kraft des Verstandes und der Sinne schon vor mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden von den Skeptikern in Frage gestellt, aber sie wurden durch den Triumphzug der Newtonschen Physik mit Verwirrung geschlagen. Einsteins Ergebnisse haben die Situation dann wieder auf den Kopf gestellt, und heute gibt es nur noch wenig Philosophen und Wissenschaftler, die der Ansicht wären, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis sei oder könnte bewiesenes Wissen sein. Aber fast niemand sieht ein, daß damit auch das ganze klassische Gebäude intellektueller Werte zusammenbricht und durch etwas Neues ersetzt werden muß: Man kann das Ideal bewiesener Wahrheit nicht einfach verdünnen -etwa zum Ideal ‘wahrscheinlicher Wahrheit’2), wie es einige logische Empiristen tun, oder zur ‘Wahrheit aufgrund [wechselnder] Übereinstimmung’3), die wir bei einigen Wissenssoziologen finden.
Dieser Aufsatz ist eine sehr verbesserte Fassung von [1968b]. Teile daraus sind hier mit Zustimmung des Herausgebers der Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society unverändert wiedergegeben. Bei der Vorbereitung der neuen Fassung wurde ich wirksam unterstützt von Tad Beckman, Colin Howson, Clive Kilmister, Larry Laudan, Eliot Leader, Alan Musgrave, Michael Sukale, John Watkins und John Worrall.
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Lakatos, I. (1974). Falsifikation und die Methodologie wissenschaftlicher Forschungsprogramme. In: Lakatos, I., Musgrave, A. (eds) Kritik und Erkenntnisfortschritt. Wissenschaftstheorie Wissenschaft und Philosophie, vol 9. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90613-7_7
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