Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separation and Quantitation of Enantiomers

  • Chapter
Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis

Part of the book series: Chromatographia CE Series ((CHROM,volume 2))

Abstract

The chiral separation of pharmaceuticals is one of the most active (1–96) and important areas of CE research and there are over 400 publications in the area of separation of enantiomers by CE. A number of reviews have appeared on the subject. (91–98). Given this considerable interest a relatively large chapter of this book is devoted to this subject. A recent survey (99) showed that 21 % of those surveyed used CE to obtain chiral separations. A survey of the use of CE within pharmaceutical companies confirmed (100) that 22 % of companies use CE for chiral separations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Peterson T, Separation of drug stereoisomers by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrins, J. Chromatogr. 630 (1993) 353–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Quang C and Khaledi MG, Direct separation of the enantiomers of ß-blockers by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis, JHRCC, 17, (1994), 99–101.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bechet I, Paques P, Fillet M, Hubert P, and Crommen J, Chiral separation of basic drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives, Electrophoresis, 15, (1994) 818–823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fanali S, Separation of optical isomers by capillary zone electrophoresis based on host-guest complexation with cyclodextrins, J. Chromatogr., 474, (1989), 441–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Soini H, Snopek J, and Novotony MV, Chiral separations of basic drugs with modified cyclodextrin-containing buffers by Capillary Electrophoresis, Beckman Application datasheet DS-836, (1992) 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Palmarsol S and Edholm LE, Capillary zone electrophoresis for separation of drug enantiomers using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Influence of experimental parameters on separation, J. Chromatogr., 666 (1994) 337–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Stalberg O, Brotell H, and Westerlund D, Capillary electrophoretic separation of basic drugs using surface-modified capillaries and derivatised cyclodextrins as structural/chiral selectors, Chromatographia, 40 (1995) 697–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Anigbogu VC, Copper CL, and Sepaniak MJ, Separation of the stereoisomers of aminoglutethimide using three capillary electrophoretic techniques, J. Chromatogr., 705 (1995) 343–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Varesio E and Veuthey J-L, Chiral separation of amphetamines by high-performance capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 717 (1995) 219–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sanger-van de Griend C, Groningsson K, and Westerlund D, Chiral separation of local anaesthetics with capillary electrophoresis. Evaluation of the inclusion complex of the enantiomers with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-ß-cyclodextrin, Chromatographia, 42 (1996) 263–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Autamell A, Wells RJ and Wong DYK, Enantiomeric differentation of a wide range of pharmacologically active substances by capillary electrophoresis using modified ß-cyclodextrins, J. Chromatogr., 686 (1994) 293–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nielen MWF, Chiral separation of basic drugs using cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal.Chem., 65 (1993) 885–893.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Beider D and Schomburg G, Chiral separations of basic and acidic compounds in modified capillaries using cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 666 (1994) 351–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Heurmann M and Blaschke G, Chiral separation of basic drugs using cyclodextrins as chiral pseudo-stationary phases in capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 648 (1993) 267–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Quang C and Khaledi MG, Extending the scope of chiral separation of basic compounds by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 692 (1995) 253–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. St. Pierre LA, and Sentell KB, Cyclodextrins as enantioselective mobile phase modifiers for chiral capillary electrophoresis. Effect of pH and cyclodextrin concentration, J. Chromatogr., 657 (1994) 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Quang C and Khaledi MG, Improved chiral separation of basic compounds in capillary electrophoresis using ß-cyclodextrin and tetra-alyklammonium reagents, Anal.Chem., 65 (1993) 3354–3358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rogan MM, Drake C, Goodall DM and Altria KD, Enantioselective enzymatic biotransformation of 2′Deoxy-3′-thiacytidine (BCH 189) monitored by capillary electrophoresis, Anal.Biochem., 208 (1993) 143–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Altria KD, Goodall DM and Rogan MM, Quantitative applications and validation of the resolution of enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 824–827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Quang C and Khaledi MG, Direct separation of the enantiomers of ß-blockers by cyclodextrinmediated capillary zone electrophoresis, JHRCC, 17 (1994) 99–101.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Soini H, Riekkola M-L, Novotony MV, Chiral separations of basic drugs and quantitation of bupivacaine enantiomers in serum by capillary electrophoresis with modified cyclodextrin buffers, J. Chromatogr., 608 (1992) 265–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Altria KD, Goodall DM and Rogan MM, Chiral separation of a-amino alcohols by Capillary Electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as buffer additives, I. Effect of varying operating parameters, Chromatographia, 34 (1992) 19–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Altria KD, Harden RC, Hart M, Hevizi J, Hailey PA, Makwana J, and Portsmouth MJ, An inter-company cross-validation exercise on capillary electrophoresis. 1. Chiral analysis of clenbuterol, J. Chromatogr., 641 (1993) 147–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rogan MM, Altria KD, and Goodall DM, Plackett-Burman experimental design in chiral capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 38 (1994) 723–729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Nishi H, Nakumura k, Nakai H, Sato T, and Terabe S, Enantiomeric separation of trimetoquinol, denopamine, and timepidium by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC and the application of capillary electrophoresis to the optical purity testing of the drugs, Chromatographia, 40 (1995) 638–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Schmitt T and Engelhardt H, Optimisation of enantiomeric separations in capillary electrophoresis by reversal of the migration order and using different derivatized cyclodextrins, J. Chromatogr., 697 (1995) 561–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Peterson, T.E. and Trowbridge, D., Quantitation of 1-epinephrine and determination of the d-/lepinephrine enantiomer ratio in a pharmaceutical formulation by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 603 (1992) 298–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Fanali S and Bocek P, Enantiomeric resolution by using capillary zone electrophoresis: resolution of racemic tryptophan and determination of the enantiomer composition of commercial pharmaceutical epinephrine, Electrophoresis, 11 (1990) 757–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Fanali S, Flieger M, Steinerova N and Nardi A, Use of cyclodextrins for the enantioselective seperation of ergot alkaloids by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 13 (1992) 39–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Porrà R, Quaglia MG and Fanali S, Determinations of fenfluramine enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 41 (1995) 383–388.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Altria KD, Walsh AR and Smith NW, Validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the enantiomeric purity testing of fluparoxan, J. Chromatogr., 645 (1993) 193–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Chankvetadze B, Endresz G and Blaschke G, Enantiomeric resolution of chiral imidazole derivatives using capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrin-type buffer modifiers, J. Chromatogr., 700 (1995) 43–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Nardi A, Eliseev A, Bocek P and Fanali S, Use of charged and neutral cyclodextrins in capillary zone electrophoresis: enantiomeric separation of some 2-hydroxy acids, J. Chromatogr., 638 (1993) 247–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Rickard EC and Bopp RJ, Optimisation of a capillary electrophoresis method to determine chiral purity of a drug, J. Chromatogr., 680 (1994) 609–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Aumatell A and Guttman A, Ultra-fast chiral separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 717 (1995) 229–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Guttman A and Cooke N, Practical aspects in chiral separation of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis II. Quantitative separation of naproxen enantiomers, J. Chromatogr., 685 (1994) 155–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chankvetadze N, Endresz G, and Blaschke G, Capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of non-charged and anionic chiral compounds using anionic cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors, J. Cap. Elec., 2 (1995) 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lelievre L, Gareil P, and Jardy A, Selectivity in capillary electrophoresis — application to chiral separations with cyclodextrins, Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 385–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lin J-M, Nakagama T, and Hobo T, Combined Chiral Crown Ether and ß-Cyclodextrin for the Separation of o-, m-, and p-Fluoro-D,L-Phenylalanine by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 42 (1996) 559–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Altria KD, Essential peak area normalisation in capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 35 (1993) 177–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang Z, Huang AJ, Sun YL, and Sun ZP, Cyclodextrins as buffer additives for the enantiomeric separation of pinacidil in capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 749 (1996) 300–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Fillet M, Bechet I, Chiap P, Hubert Ph, and Crommen J, Enantiomeric purity determination of propanolol by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 717 (1995) 203–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Wren SAC and Rowe RC, Thereotical aspects of chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis. II. The role of organic solvent, J. Chromatogr., 603 (1992) 235–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kuhn R, Stoecklin F, and Erni F, Chiral separations by host-guest complexation with cyclodextrins and crown ethers by capillary zone electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 33 (1992) 32–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rogan MM, Goodall DM, and Altria KD, Enantiomeric separation of salbutamol and related impurities using capillary electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 808–817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Aturki Z, Camera E, La Torre F, and Fanali S, Direct chiral resolution of tiaprofenic acid in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selector, J. Cap. Elec., 2 (1995) 213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Fanali S, Use of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis: resolution of terbutaline and propranolol enantiomers, J. Chromatogr., 545 (1991) 437–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Altria KD, Use of capillary electrophoresis for micro-preparative isolation, Isolation and Purification, 2 (1996) 113–125.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Sheppard RL, Tong X, Cai and Henion JD, Chiral separation and detection of terbutaline and ephedrin by capillary electrophoresis coupled with ion-trap mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 67 (1995) 2054–2058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuhn R, Hofstetter-Kuhn S, Chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 34 (1992) 505–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Dethy JM, De Broux S, Lesne M, Longstreth J and Gilbert P, Stereoselective determination of verapamil and norverapamil by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 654 (1994) 121–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kuhn R, Erni F Bereuter T and Hausier J, Chiral recognition and enantiomeric resolution based on host-guest complexation with crown ethers in capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal. Chem, 64 (1992) 2815–2820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Castelnovo P and Albanesi P, Determination of the enantiomeric purity of 5,6-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin by high-performance capillary electrophoresis with crown ether as chiral selector, J. Chromatogr A, 715 (1995) 143–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hohne E, Krauss GJ and Gubitz G, Capillary zone electrophoresis of the enantiomers of aminoalcohols based on host-guest complexation with chiral crown ethers, J. High Res. Chromatogr., 15 (1992) 698–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Kuhn R, Riester D, Fleckenstein B and Weismuller K-H, Evaluation of an optically active crown ether for the chiral separation of di-and tripeptides, J. Chromatogr. A, 716 (1995) 371–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Desiderio C and Fanali S, Use of negatively charged sulfobutyl ether-ß-cyclodextrin for enantiomeric separation by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 716 (1995) 183–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Otsuka K and Terabe S, Enantiomeric separation by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, TRAC, 12 (1993) 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Schmitt T and Engelhardt H, Derivatised cyclodextrins for the separation of enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis, J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 16 (1993) 525–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Dette C, Ebel S and Terabe S, Neutral and anionic cyclodextrins in capillary zone electrophoresis: Enantiomeric separation of ephedrine and related compounds, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 799–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Liu L and Nussbaum MA, Control of enantiomer migration order in capillary electrophoresis using sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin., J Pharm Biomed. Analysis, 14 (1995) 65–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Dette C and Watzig H, Separation of the enantiomers of N-acetylcysteine by capillary electrophoresis after derivatisation with 0-phtaldialdehyde, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 763–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Valko IE, Billiet HAH, Frank J, and Luyben KCAM, Effect of the degree of substitution of (2-hydroxy)propyl-ß-cyclodextrin on the enantioseparation of organic acids by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 678 (1994) 139–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Sepaniak MJ, Cole RO and Clark BK, Use of native and chemically modified cyclodextrins for the capillary electrophoretic separation of racemates, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 15 (1992) 1023–1040.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Werner A, Nassauer T, Keichle P and Erni F, Chiral separation by capillary zone electrophoresis of an optically active drug and amino acids by host-guest complexation with cyclodextrins, J. Chromatogr., 666 (1994) 375–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Wu W and Stalcup AM,, Capillary electrophoretic chiral separations using a sulphated ß-cyclodextrin-containing electrolyte, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 18 (1995) 1289–1315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Gareil P, Gramond JP, and Guyon F, Separation and determination of warfarin enantiomers in human plasma samples by capillary zone electrophoresis using a methylated ß-cyclodextrin-containing electrolyte, J. Chromatogr., 615 (1993) 317–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Noroski JE, Mayo DJ, and Moran M, Determination of the enantiomer of a cholesterol-lowering drug by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 13 (1995) 54–52.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Williams RC, Edwards JF, and Ainsworth CR, Analysis of diastereoisomeric impurities in chiral pharmaceutical compounds by capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 38 (1994) 441–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Francotte E, Cherkaoul S, and Faupel M, Separation of the enantiomers of some racemic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors and barbiturates by capillary electrophoresis, Chirality, 5 (1993) 516–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Siren H, Jumppanen JH, Manninen K, and Riekkola M-L, Introduction of migration indices for identification; Chiral separation of some ß-blockers by using cyclodextrins in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 779–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Houben RJH, Gielen H, and Van der Wal S, Automated preseparation derivatization on a capillary electrophoresis instrument, J. Chromatogr., 634 (1993) 317–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Quang C and Khaledi MG, Chiral separations of acidic compounds by dextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis, JHRCC, 17 (1994) 609–612.

    Google Scholar 

  73. D’Hulst A and Verbeke N, Quantitation in chiral capillary electrophoresis: Thereotical and practical considerations, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 854–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Agyei NM, Gahm KH, and Stalcup AM, Chiral separations using heparin and dextran sulphate in capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 307 (1995) 185–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Nishi H, Nakumura K, Nakai H, and Sato T, Enantiomeric separation of drugs by mucopolysac-charide-mediated electrokinetic chromatography, Anal. Chem., 67 (1995) 2334–2341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Abushoffa AM and Clark BJ, Resolution of the enantiomers of oxamniquine by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography with cyclodextrins and heparin as chiral selectors, J. Chromatogr., 700 (1995) 51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Nishi H, Nakumura k, Nakai H, Sato T, and Terabe S, Enantiomeric separation of drugs by affinity electrokinetic chromatography using dextran sulphate, Electrophoresis, 15 (1994) 1335–1340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Valtcheva L, Mohammad J, Pettersson G, and Hjerten S, Chiral separation of ß-blockers by high-performance capillary electrophoresis based on non-immobilised cellulase as enantioselective protein, J. Chromatogr., 638 (1993) 263–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Vespalec R, Sustacek V and Bocek P, Prospects of dissolved albumin as a chiral selector in capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 638 (1993) 255–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Barker GE, Russo P and Hartwick RA, Chiral separation of Leucovorin with bovine serum albumin using affinity capillary electrophoresis, Anal. Chem., 64 (1992) 3024–3028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Busch S, Kraak JC and Poppe H, Chiral separations by complexation with proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 635 (1993) 119–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Autamell A and Wells RJ, Enantiomeric differentation of a wide range of pharmacologically active substances by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using a bile salt, J. Chromatogr., 688 (1994) 329–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Nishi H, Fukuyama T, Matsuo M and Terabe S, Chiral separation of diltiazem, trimetoquinol and related compounds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with bile salts, J. Chromatogr., 515 (1990) 233–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Okafo GN, Rana KK and Camilleri P, Improved separation of diastereoisomers in capillary electrophoresis using a mixture of ß-cyclodextrin and sodium taurocholate, Chromatographia, 39 (1994) 627–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Lurie IS, Micellar electokinetic capillary chromatography of the enantiomers of amphetamine, methamphetamine and their hydroxyphenethylamine precursors, J. Chromatogr., 605 (1992) 269–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Nair UB, Chang SSC, Armstrong DW, Rawjee YY, Eggleston DS, and McArdle JV, Elucidation of vancomycin’s enantioselective binding site using its copper complex, Chirality, 8 (1996) 590–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Nishi H, Nakamura K, Nakai H, and Sato T, Enantiomer separation by capillary electrophoresis using deae-dextran and aminoglycosidc antibiotics, Chromatographia, 43 (1996) 426–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Armstrong DW, Rundlett KL, and Chen J-R, Evaluation of the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin as a chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis, Chirality, 6 (1994) 496–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Armstrong DW, Gasper MP, and Rundlett KL, Highly enantio-selective capillary electrophoretic separations with dilute solutions of the macrocyclic antibiotic Ristocetin A, J. Chromatogr., 689 (1995) 285–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Ward TJ, Dann C, and Blaylock A, Enantiomeric resolution using the macrocyclic antibiotics rifamycin B and rifamycin SV as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatog. A, 715 (1995) 337–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Novotony M, Soini H, and Stefansson M, Chiral separations through capillary electromigration methods, Anal. Chem., 66 (1994) 646A–655A.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Terabe S, Otsuka K, and Nishi H, Review. Separation of enantiomers by capillary electrophoretic techniques, J. Chromatogr., 666 (1994) 295–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Bereuter TL, Enantioseparation by capillary electrophoresis, LC-GC Int., 7 (1994) 78–93.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Wren SAC, The theory of chiral separation in capilalry electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 636 (1993) 57–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Nishi H and Terabe S, Review. Optical resolution of drugs by capillary electrophoresis techniques, J. Chromatogr., 694 (1995) 245–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Rogan MM, Goodall DM, and Altria KD, Enantioselective separations using capillary electrophoresis, Chirality, 6 (1994) 25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Kuhn R and Hofstetter-Kuhn S, Chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis, Chromatographia, 34 (1992) 505–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Otsuka K and Terabe S, Enantiomeric separation by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, TrAC, 12 (1993) 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Altria KD and Bryant S, Survey into the status of capillary electrophoresis, LC-GC Int. 10 Jan. (1997) 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Altria KD and Kersey M, Capillary electrophoresis and pharmaceutical analysis: a survey of the industrial application and their status of in the united states and united kingdom, LC-GC, Jan. (1995) 40–46.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Fanali S and Camera E, Use of methylamino-beta-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis-resolution of acidic and basic enantiomers, Chromatographia, 43 (1996) 247–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Wang F and Khaledi MG, Chiral separations by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis, Anal. Chem., 68 (1996) 3460–3467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Valko IE, Siren H, and Riekkola ML, Chiral separation of dansyl amino acids by capillary electrophoresis — comparison of formamide and n-methylformamide as background electrolytes, Chromatographia, 43 (1996) 242–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Mori Y, Ueno K, and Umeda T, Enantiomeric separations of primary amino compounds by non-aqueous capillary zone electrophoresis with a chiral crown ether, J. Chromatogr. A, 757 (1997) 328–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. D’Hulst A and Verbeke N, Chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis with carbohydrates, J. Chromatgr., 608 (1992) 275–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Nishi H, Nakamura K, Nakai H, and Sato T, Enantiomer separation by capillary electrophoresis using deae-dextran and aminoglycosidic antibiotics, Chromatographia, 43 (1996) 426–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Sun P, Wu N, Barker G, and Hartwick RA, Chiral separations using dextran and bovine serum albumin as run buffer additives in affinity capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 648 (1993) 475–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Peterson AG, Ahuja ES, and Foley JP, Enantiomeric separations of basic pharmaceutical drugs by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a chiral surfactant n-dodecoxycarbonylvaline, J. Chromatogr. B, 683 (1996) 15–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Lelievre F, Gareil P, Bahaddi Y, and Galons H, Intrinsic selectivity in capillary electrophoresis for chiral separations with dual cyclodextrin systems, Anal. Chem., 69 (1997) 393–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Wren SAC and Rowe RC, Thereotical aspects of chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis: I. Initial evaluation of a model, J. Chromatogr., 603 (1992) 234–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Altria KD, Harkin P, and Hindson M, Validation of a CE method for the quantitative determination of tryptophan enantiomers, J. Chromatogr. B, 686 (1996) 103–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Liu L, Osborne LM, and Nussbaum MA, Development and validation of a combined potency assay and enantiomeric purity method for a chiral pharmaceutical compund using capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 745 (1996) 45–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Prunonosa J, Obach R, Diez-Cascon A, and Guoesclou L, Determination of cicletanine enantiomers in plasma by high performance capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr., 574 (1992) 127–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Boonkerd S, Detaevernier MR, Heyden YV, Vindevogel J, and Michotte Y, Determination of the enantiomeric purity of dexfenfluramine by capillary electrophoresis — use of a Plackett-Burman design for the optimization of the separation, J. Chromatogr. A, 736 (1996) 281–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Wespalec R and Bocek P, Chiral separations by capillary zone electrophoresis — present state of the art, Electrophoresis, 18 (1997) 843–852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Bojarski J and Aboulenein HY, Application of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of chiral drugs in biological fluids, Electrophoresis, 18 (1997) 965–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Sanger van Degriend CE, Wahlstrom H, Groningsson K, and Widahlnasman M, A chiral capillary electrophoresis method for ropivacaine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations — validation and comparison with chiral liquid chromatography, J. Pharm, and Biomed. Anal., 15 (1997) 1051–1061.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Fillet M, Hubert P, and Crommen J, Enantioseparation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by capillary electrophoresis using mixtures of anionic and uncharged beta-cyclodextrins as chiral additives, Electrophoresis, 18 (1997) 1013–1018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Huang WX, Xu H, Fazio SD, and Vivilecchia RV, Chiral separation of primary amino compounds using a non-chiral crown ether with beta-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. B, 695 (1997) 157–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Schulte G, Chankvetadze B, and Blaschke G, Enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyltrirnethylarnmoniurn salt of beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector, J. Chromatogr. A, 771 (1997) 259–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Ma S and Horvath C, Capillary zone electrophoresis at subzero temperatures.2. Chiral separation of biogenic amines, Electrophoresis, 18 (1997) 873–883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Development, Glaxo Wellcome R&D, Park Road, Ware, Herts., SG12 ODP, UK

    Kevin D. Altria

Authors
  1. Kevin D. Altria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Altria, K.D. (1998). Separation and Quantitation of Enantiomers. In: Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia CE Series, vol 2. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85011-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85011-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-322-85013-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-322-85011-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation