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Terrorismus

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Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung

Zusammenfassung

Der Terrorismus setzt sich durch drei grundlegende Eigenschaften von anderen Formen der gewaltsamen sozialen Interaktion ab, die es uns zusammengenommen ermöglichen, ihn von diesen zu unterscheiden. Als Erstes ist ein Akt dann als terroristisch einzuordnen, wenn seine psychische Auswirkung innerhalb einer bestimmten Population oder eines gesellschaftlichen Aggregats zu grassierenden emotionalen Reaktionen wie Furcht und Angst führt, welche möglicherweise Einstellungen und Verhalten in einer bestimmten Richtung verfestigen und somit weit über das Ausmaß des tatsächlich oder potenziell erlittenen materiellen und physischen Schadens an Menschen und Dingen hinausgehen (Aron 1962). Zweitens muss diese Gewalt, um eine solche Wirkung erzielen zu können, systematisch und möglichst unwägbar sein, und sie richtet sich in den meisten Fällen gegen Ziele, die innerhalb ihres kulturellen Rahmens und institutionellen Kontextes einen gewissen Symbolwert haben (Hardman 1962; Thornton 1964; Walter 1969). Drittens wird die Beschädigung derartiger Ziele dazu genutzt, Botschaften und Drohungen zu vermitteln, die den Terrorismus zu einem Mechanismus der Kommunikation und der sozialen Kontrolle machen (Roucek 1962; Crelinsten 1987).

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  1. Fernando Reinares
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Wilhelm Heitmeyer Dr. phil. John Hagan

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Reinares, F. (2002). Terrorismus. In: Heitmeyer, W., Hagan, J. (eds) Internationales Handbuch der Gewaltforschung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_16

  • Publisher Name: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

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