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Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods

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Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals

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Abstract

Overuse of antibiotics, lack of infection control and increased mobility in the population result in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR or MDRO resistant to many types of antibiotics) gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli are present in intestines and faeces and present in the environment (toilet, bathrooms, etc.). Others, like Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Serratia, Proteus, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, etc. may be contaminants in the environment and sometimes colonize or infect the patient. MDR bacteria may be resistant to all penicillins and cephalosporins (ESBL), all carbapenems (CRE) or quinolones or aminoglycosides. They are robust survivors who migrate between humans, animals and the environment and may tolerate dry conditions, antibiotics and disinfectants. The most vulnerable to infections are persons with reduced infection defence, elderly and new-borns, and the main arena is usually in the healthcare system. Good infection control with removal of microbes from the environment and equipment is among the best preventive measures against the spread of these bacteria. The following chapter is focused on practical measures to detect and prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant gram-negative rods in healthcare institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hospital Infections, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Bjørg Marit Andersen

  2. Faculty of Health and Social Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway

    Bjørg Marit Andersen

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Andersen, B.M. (2019). Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods. In: Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_51

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_51

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