Abstract
Increasing water use and climatic variability threaten thousands of springs and spring-fed watersheds in the mid-Himalayan region. The decline in spring discharge resulted in shrinking cropland, out migration and is adversely affecting the economy of the region. Shallow aquifer and short retention time emphasize on need of disposition of site suitable artificial measures to recharge groundwater. Complex geological and tectonic formations and lithological and chronological variations on one hand and impact of undulated terrain and land use pattern on the other put obstruction in finding suitable recharge sites in Himalaya. In this study, a GIS-based weighted sum analysis approach was used to identify suitable sites for artificial recharge of groundwater in Upper Kosi basin of Indian Himalayan region. The tools of GIS facilitate study relief and structural aspect of basin, quantify the influence of one factor on the other and provide precise and quick information on suitable recharge sites for rejuvenation of springs and hydrological sustainability of watershed. The results indicated that 19.6% area lies under good to excellent while 46.9% area having fait to poor potential of groundwater recharge. Area under good to excellent recharge potential can be further considered for implementation of site suitable groundwater augmentation measures for sustained specific yield of an aquifer.
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Acknowledgements
The financial support provided by the National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi, for conducting this research is duly acknowledged. The authors also wish to acknowledge the Principal Investigator of the project Er. Soukhin Tarafdar, Scientist D, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Garhwal Unit, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand. The efforts and hard work of Junior Project Fellow Mr. Darshan K Bhatt, Field Assistants Mr. Vikram Negi, Mr. Pramod Kandpal and Mr. Mohit Chandra are appreciated for collecting water samples and conducting field surveys. Authors are grateful to the Director, GBPNIHESD, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, for providing lab facility and field instruments.
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Rani, M., Joshi, H., Kumar, K., Tiwari, A. (2019). Recharge Potential Mapping in Complex Hydrological System of Kosi Basin in the Mid-Himalayan Region. In: Kumar, P., Rani, M., Chandra Pandey , P., Sajjad, H., Chaudhary, B. (eds) Applications and Challenges of Geospatial Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99882-4_2
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