Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Integration of Six Sigma and Lean

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
An Integrated Company-Wide Management System

Abstract

There is a great necessity for the effective implementation of CI methodologies to all stakeholders at an industrial organization, including owners, workers, customers, and the society in general. The rate of improvement determines the survival of an organization as competition gets tougher in today’s global markets. Six Sigma and Lean are two well-recognized CI methodologies which are typically used to separate from each other. On the other hand, the effective integration of these methodologies will provide a company with a competitive advantage. In this chapter, the benefits for integrating Six Sigma and Lean are outlined, followed by a thorough comparison between the two methodologies. Also, this chapter investigates some of the existing models that describe how Six Sigma and Lean fit together. Finally, a new detailed description for integrating Six Sigma and Lean is developed to provide an improved approach for CI. The proposed structure is built upon the existing DMAIC structure which is well renowned in the literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This chapter is mainly prepared based on our published works:

    Salah, S., Rahim, A., and Carretero, J. A. (2010) The integration of Six Sigma and Lean Management. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 249–274.

    Salah, S. (2018) Company-Wide Quality Culture: Lean Six Sigma as an enabler. Seventh International Conference on Lean Six Sigma, 7th and 8th of May, pp. 199–209.

    Salah, S. (2017) Lean Six Sigma and Innovation: Comparison and Relationship. International Journal of Business Excellence, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 479–439.

References

  • Ahmed, A., Page, J., & Olsen, J. (2015). Adopting lean six sigma to any logic simulation in a manufacturing environment. In: 21st International Congress on Modeling and Simulation. Gold Coast, Australia, 29th Nov to 4th Dec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, S., Manaf, N. H. A., & Islam, R. (2013). Effects of lean six sigma application in healthcare services: a literature review. Reviews on Environmental Health, 28(4), 189–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albliwi, S., & Antony, J. (2013). Implementation of a Lean Six Sigma approach in the manufacturing sector: A systematic literature review. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR2013) 19th–20th September. UK: Cranfield University, pp. 431–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albliwi, S. A., Antony, J., & Lim, S. A. H. (2015). A systematic review of Lean Six Sigma for the manufacturing industry. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 665–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albliwi, S., Antony, J., Lim, S. A. H., & Wiele, T. V. D. (2014). Critical failure factors of Lean Six Sigma: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 31(9), 1012–1030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amorim, G. F., Balestrassi, P. P., Sawhney, R., Oliveira-Abans, M., & Silva, D. L. F. (2018). Six Sigma learning evaluation model using Bloom’s Taxonomy. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 9(1), 156–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, R. B., Shukla, S. K., Ghorpade, A., Tiwari, M. K., & Shankar, R. (2007). Six sigma-based approach to optimize deep drawing operation variables. International Journal of Production Research, 45(10), 2365–2385.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R., Eriksson, H., & Torstensson, H. (2006). Similarities and differences between TQM, Six Sigma and Lean. The TQM Magazine, 18(3), 282–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J. (2004). Some pros and cons of Six Sigma: An academic perspective. The TQM Magazine, 16(4), 303–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J. (2006). Six Sigma for service processes. Business Process Management Journal, 12(2), 234–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J. (2008). What is the role of academic institutions for the future development of Six Sigma? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 57(1), 107–110.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J., Escamilla, L. J. & Caine, P. (2003, April). Lean Sigma. Manufacturing Engineer, 40–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J., Rodgers, B., & Cudney, E. A. (2017a). Lean Six Sigma for public sector organizations: Is it a myth or reality? International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 34(9), 1402–1411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J., Rodgers, B., & Gijo, E. V. (2016). Can Lean Six Sigma make UK public sector organisations more efficient and effective? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(7), 995–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antony, J., Snee, R., & Hoerl, R. (2017b). Lean Six Sigma: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 34(7), 1073–1093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arif, S. (2016). Leadership for change: Proposed organizational development by incorporating systems thinking and quality tools. Business Process Management Journal, 22(5), 939–956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnheiter, E. D., & Maleyeff, J. (2005). Research and concepts: the integration of Lean Management and Six Sigma. The TQM Magazine, 17(1), 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakri, A. H., Rahim, A. R. A., Yusof, N. M., & Ahmad, R. (2012). Boosting lean production via TPM. International Congress on Interdisciplinary Business and Social Science (ICIBSoS). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 485–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakar, F. A. A., Subari, K., & Daril, M. A. M. (2015). Critical success factors of Lean Six Sigma deployment: A current review’. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(4), 339–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balle, F., & Balle, M. (2008). Lean or Sigma. Lean Enterprise Institute. Retrieved February 23, from http://www.lean.org/Community/Registered/ArticleDocuments/ Balle%20lean%20and%20sigma%20esgleanorsigma.pdf.

  • Banuelas, R., & Antony, J. (2002). Critical success factors for the successful implementation of Six Sigma projects in organizations. The TQM Magazine, 14(2), 92–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, R. (2004). Six-Sigma to operational excellence: Role of tools and techniques. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 44–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendell, T. (2006). A review and comparison of Six Sigma and the Lean organizations’. The TQM Magazine, 18(3), 255–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besseris, G. (2014). Multi-factorial Lean Six Sigma product optimization for quality, leanness and safety: A case study in food product improvement. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 5(3), 253–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bevan, H., Westwood, N., Crowe, R., & O’Connor, M. (2006) Lean Six Sigma: Some basic concepts. NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhasin, S. (2013). Impact of corporate culture on the adoption of the Lean principles. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 4(2), 118–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhasin, S., & Burcher, P. (2006). Lean viewed as a philosophy. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17(1), 56–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuiyan, N., Baghel, A., & Wilson, J. (2006). A sustainable continuous improvement methodology at an aerospace company. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(8), 671–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuiyan, N., & Baghel, A. (2005). An overview of continuous improvement: From the past to the present. Management Decision, 43(5), 761–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogart, S. (2007, July). Learning how to leverage Lean Six Sigma’s power. Plant Engineering.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brix, J. (2012). Individual learning, ideation and innovation management—discussion paper seen from innovation management practices. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(1), 37–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brkic, V. S., & Tomic, B. (2016). Employees factors importance in Lean Six Sigma concept. The TQM Journal, 28(5), 774–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, G., Lubowe, D., & Blitz, A. (2007). Using a Lean Six Sigma approach to drive innovation. Strategy and Leadership, 35(2), 5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campos, L. M. S. (2013). Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma based on Brazilian model “PNQ”: An integrated management tool. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 4(4), 355–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, R. L., & Hyland, P. W. (1997). Continuous improvement Strategies across selected Australian manufacturing sectors. Benchmarking for Quality Management and Technology, 4(3), 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M.-N., & Lyu, J.-J. (2009). A novel evaluation model for measurement system analysis. Production Planning and Control, 20(5), 420–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J.-L. (2008). Implementing Six Sigma via TQM improvement: an empirical study in Taiwan. The TQM Journal, 20(3), 182–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, N., Kumar, V., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Rocha-Lona, L., & Upadhyay, A. (2017). Investigating the green impact of Lean, Six Sigma, and Lean Six Sigma: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 8(1), 7–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, L. M. (2011). Lean Six Sigma: The contribution to business excellence. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 2(2), 118–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, R. (2004). Ammunition enterprise excellence ready for tomorrow? USA Armor School Research Library. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2004munitions/Crawford.pdf.

  • Dahlgaard, J. J., & Dahlgaard-Park, S. M. (2006). Lean production, Six Sigma, TQM and company culture. The TQM Magazine, 18(3), 263–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devane, T. (2004). Integrating Lean Six Sigma and high performance organizations. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer/A Wiley Imprint.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, W. Y. (1995). Lean product ion and industrial engineering applied in China. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 29(1–4), 233–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, A., Douglas, J., & Ochieng, J. (2015). Lean Six Sigma implementation in East Africa: Findings from a pilot study. The TQM Journal, 27(6), 772–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drohomeretski, V., Costa, S. E. G. D., Lima, E. P. D., & Garbuio, P. A. D. R. (2014). Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: An analysis based on operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 52(3), 804–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Haik, B., & Al-Aomar, R. (2006). Simulation-based Lean Six-Sigma and design for Six-Sigma. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Experts Archive Questions. (2007). Retrieved November 19, from http://en.allexperts.com/e/s/si/six_sigma.htm.

  • Ferng, J., & Price, A. D. F. (2005). An exploration of the synergies between Six Sigma, TQM, Lean construction and sustainable construction. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(2), 167–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis, D., & Bessant, J. (2005). Targeting innovation and implications for capability development. Technovation, 25(3), 171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friday-Stroud, S. S., & Sutterfield, J. S. (2007). A conceptual framework for integrating Six-Sigma and strategic management methodologies to quantify decision making. The TQM Magazine, 19(6), 561–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galdino de Freitas, J., & Costa, H. G. (2017). Impacts of Lean Six Sigma over organizational sustainability: A systematic literature review on Scopus base. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 8(1), 89–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garza-Reyes, J., Jacques, G. W., Lim, M., Kumar, K., & Rocha-Lona, L. (2014) Lean and Green—Synergies, differences, limitations, and the need for Six Sigma. In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, AICT-439 (Part II), pp. 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, M. L. (2002). Lean Six Sigma, combining Six Sigma quality with Lean speed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghodasara, P., Yadav, G., Seth, D., & Desai, T. N. (2017). A Hybrid Fuzzy AHP- ELECTRE approach to rank Lean Six Sigma solutions: Case experience of a manufacturing organisation. Proceedings of ICIE, pp. 1159–1167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, T. N., & Xie, M. (2004). Improving on the Six Sigma paradigm. The TQM Magazine, 16(4), 235–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L., De Leeuw, S., & Dubbers, R. (2016). Logistics services and Lean Six Sigma implementation: A case study. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(3), 324–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habidin, N. F., Yusof, S. M., & Fuzi, N. M. (2016). Lean Six Sigma, strategic control systems, and organizational performance for automotive suppliers. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(2), 110–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, C., & Lee, Y. (2002). Intelligent integrated plant operation system for Six Sigma. Annual Reviews in control, 26, 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harry, M., & Schroeder, R. (2000). Six Sigma; the breakthrough management strategy revolutionizing the world’s top corporations. New York, NY: Currency/Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hines, P., Holweg, M., & Rich, N. (2004). Learning to evolve—A review of contemporary Lean thinking. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 24(10), 994–1011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoerl, R. (2004). One perspective on the future of Six-Sigma. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 112–119.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Holweg, M. (2007). The genealogy of Lean production. Journal of Operations management, 25(1), 420–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C.-C., & Liu, S.-H. (2005). A novel approach to lean control for Taiwan-funded enterprises in mainland China. International Journal of Production Research, 43(12), 2553–2575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, Y. D. (2006). The practices of integrating manufacturing execution systems and Six Sigma methodology. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 31, 145–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juran, J. M. & Godfery, A. B. (1998). Juran’s quality handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanigolla, D., Cudney, E. A., Corns, S. M., & Samaranayake, V. A. (2014). Enhancing engineering education using project-based learning for Lean and Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 5(1), 45–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiemele, M. J. (2005). Critical success factors for deploying and implementing Lean Six Sigma. USA Armor School Research Library, March. Retrieved March 4, 2008, from http://www.amc.army.mil/amc/pe/documents/sestrng/Kiemele.ppt.

  • Kollberg, B., Dahlgaard, J. J., & Brehmer, P. O. (2007). Measuring lean initiatives in health care services: issues and findings. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(1), 7–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovach, J., Stringfellow, P., Turner, J., & Cho, B. R. (2005). The house of competitiveness: The marriage of agile manufacturing, design for Six Sigma, and Lean manufacturing with quality considerations. Journal of Industrial Technology, 2(3), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, U. D., Nowicki, D., Ramírez-Márquez, J. E., & Verma, D. (2008). On the optimal selection of process alternatives in a Six Sigma implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111(2), 456–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwak, Y. H., & Anbari, F. T. (2004). Benefits, obstacles and future of Six Sigma approach. Technovation, 26(5), 708–715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachica, D. C. (2007). Integration of Lean with an existing Six Sigma initiative. In A presentation from the 8th annual IQPC Six Sigma summit at Miami, January 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lean Sigma Institute. (2008). Lean Six Sigma overview. Retrieved March 4, from http://www.sixsigmainstitute.com/leansigma/index_leansigma.shtml.

  • Lertwattanapongchai, S., & Swierczek, F. W. (2014). Assessing the change process of Lean Six Sigma: A case analysis. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 5(4), 423–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lian, Y.-H., & Landeghem, H. V. (2007). Analyzing the effects of Lean manufacturing using a value stream mapping-based simulation generator. International Journal of Production Research, 45(13), 3037–3058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linderman, K., Schroeder, R. G., & Choo, A. S. (2006). Six Sigma: The role of goals in improvement Teams. Journal of operations Management, 24, 779–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longbottom, D., & Modjahedi, A. (2013). Can emotional scaling methods improve quality in services?’. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 5(4), 364–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mader, D. P. (2008, January). Lean Six Sigma’s Evolution: Integrated method uses different deployment models. Quality Progress, 40–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhani, P. M. (2017, April–June). Six Sigma deployment in HR: Enhancing competitiveness’. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 79–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maleyeff, J., Arnheiter, E. A., & Venkateswaran, V. (2012). The continuing evolution of Lean Six Sigma. The TQM Journal, 24(6), 542–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzouri, M., Rahman, M. N. A., Arshad, H., & Selangor, B. (2015). Issues in supply chain implementation: A comparative perspective. International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 8(1), 85–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mapikou, G. L. M., & Roger, A. E. (2017). Process discovery driven process optimization: A case study to the recruitment of state personnel in Cameroon. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries (EJISDC), 83(4), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martensson, A., Ingelsson, P., & Oberg, L. (2014). Can lean values contribute to sustainable development? In: Proceedings of the 17th QMOD Conference –ICQSS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. W. (2007). Lean Six Sigma for supply chain management, the 10-step solution process. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maleyeff, J., & Kaminsky, F. C. (2002). Six Sigma and introductory statistics education. Education + Training, 44(2), 82–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, R., & Donegan, S. (2003). A comparative analysis of trilateral and concurrent business improvement methodologies in the high technology sector. International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 5(3), 210–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, R., Armstrong, G., & Kelly, B. (1998). Investigation of the relationship between total quality and innovation: A research study involving small organizations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(3), 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, G. (2007) Competitive Manufacturing. A presentation from the 8th annual IQPC Six Sigma summit at Miami, January 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed, K. (2017). Development of an integrated quality management Framework for manufacturing organisations. Doctoral: Sheffield Hallam University, Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, D. (2001). Introduction to statistical quality control. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Moscone, D. (2007) Lean Six Sigma at GE. In: A presentation from the 8th annual IQPC Six Sigma summit at Miami, January 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motwani, J., Kumar, A. & Antony, J. (2004). A business process change framework for examining the implementation of Six Sigma: a case study of Dow Chemicals. The TQM Magazine, 16(4), 273–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, P. T. (2009). Relating quality and innovation: An exploration. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 1(1), 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, N., Schab, L., & Holweg, M. (2007). Lean principles and premium brands: Conflict or complement? International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), 3723–3739.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Pavnaskar, S. J., Gershenson, J. K., & Jambekar, A. B. (2003). Classification scheme for lean manufacturing tools. International Journal of Production Research, 41(13), 3075–3090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perdomo-Ortiz, J., Benito, J. G., & Galende, J. (2006). Total quality management as a forerunner of business innovation capability. Technovation, 26(10), 1170–1185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peteros, R. G., & Maleyeff, J. (2015). Using Lean Six Sigma to improve investment behavior. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(1), 59–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philipsen, S., & Littrell, R. F. (2011). Manufacturing quality and cultural values in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Business and Management, 2(2), 26–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pil, F. K., & Fujimoto, T. (2007). Lean and reflective production: The dynamic nature of production models. International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), 3741–3761.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Pinedo-Cuenca, R., Olalla, P. G., & Setijono, D. (2012). Linking Six Sigma’s critical success/ hindering factors and organizational change (development): A framework and a pilot study. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 3(4), 284–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, D., Lundeby, S., Chabada, L., & Dreyer, H. (2017). Lean Six Sigma and environmental sustainability: The case of a Norwegian dairy producer. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 8(1), 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2003). The relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and innovation performance: An empirical examination. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 20(8), 901–918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prashar, A. (2017). Integration of Taguchi and Shainin DOE for Six Sigma improvement: An Indian case. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 34(7), 898–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proudlove, N., Moxham, C., & Boaden, R. (2008) Lessons for Lean in healthcare from using Six Sigma in the NHS. Public Money and Management, February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raisinghani, M. S., Ette, H., Pierce, R., Cannon, G., & Daripaly, P. (2005). Six Sigma: Concepts, tools, and applications. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 105(4), 491–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathilall, R., & Singh, S. (2018). A Lean Six Sigma framework to enhance the competitiveness in selected automotive component manufacturing organisations. South African journal of economic and management sciences, 21(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichhart, A., & Holweg, M. (2007). Lean distribution: Concepts, contributions, conflicts. International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), 3699–3722.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ricondo, I., & Viles, E. (2005). Six Sigma and its links to TQM, BPR, Lean and the learning organization. International Journal of Six Sigma and competitive advantage, 1(3), 323–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riillo, C. A. F. (2014). Quality management standard and innovation: A multiple-case study in Luxembourg. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(3–4), 228–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagnak, M., & Kazancoglu, Y. (2016). Integration of green lean approach with six sigma: An application for flue gas emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 112–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, R. G., Linderman, K., Liedtke, C., & Choo, A. S. (2008). Six Sigma: Definition and underlying theory. Journal of Operations Management, 26, 536–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, R. & Ward, P. T. (2007). Defining and developing measures of lean production. Journal of Operations Management, 25, 785–805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheehy, P., Navarro, D., Silvers, R., Keyes, V., & Dixon, D. (2002). The black belt memory jogger. Salem: Goal/QPC and Six Sigma Academy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, J. H. (2000). Lean Sigma synergy. Industry Week, 249(17), 81–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J., & Singh, H. (2012). Continuous improvement approach: State-of-art review and future implications. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 3(2), 88–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. (2003). Lean and Six Sigma-a one-two punch. Quality Progress, 36(4), 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snee, R. D. (2004). Six-Sigma: The evolution of a 100 years of business improvement methodology. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 4–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snee, R. D. (2005). When worlds collide: Lean and Six Sigma. Quality Progress, 63–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snee, R. D. & Hoerl, R. W. (2007, May) Integrating Lean and Six Sigma—a holistic approach. Six Sigma Forum Magazine, 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sower, V. E., Quarles, R., & Boussard, E. (2007). Cost of quality and its relationship to quality system maturity. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 24(2), 121–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunder, V. M. (2015). Corporate perspectives: Commonalities and differences between Six Sigma and Lean. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 6(3), 281–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunder, V. M., Ganesh, L. S., & Marathe, R. R. (2018). A morphological analysis of research literature on Lean Six Sigma for services. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(1), 149–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, C., Antony, J., Ba-Essa, M., Bakhsh, M., & Albliwi, S. (2015). A Lean Six Sigma program in higher education. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 32(9), 951–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J., Sinn, J., Ulmer, J. M., & Badar, M. A. (2015). Proposed progression of Lean Six Sigma. The Journal of Technology Studies, 41(1), 2–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TBM Consulting. (2008). Lean manufacturing and Lean Sigma. Retrieved March 4, from http://www.tbmcg.com/leansigma/evolution.php.

  • Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2013). Managing innovation: Integrating technological. In: Market and Organizational Change (5th ed.). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terziovski, M. (2006). Quality management practices and their relationship with customer satisfaction and productivity improvement. Management Research News, 29(7), 414–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The American Society For Quality. (2008). Retrieved March 19, from http://www.asq.org/certification/six-sigma/bok.html.

  • Upton, M. T., & Cox, C. (2008). Lean Six Sigma: A fusion of pan–Pacific process improvement. Six Sigma quality resources for achieving Six Sigma results. Unpublished document. Retrieved March 7, from http://www.isixsigma.com/library/downloads/LeanSixSigma.pdf.

  • Venkateswaran, N. (2016). Performance improvement through Six Sigma methodologies—A plastic firm case approach. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xerox consulting. (2008). Lean Six Sigma: Capabilities brief. Retrieved March 4, from http://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/x/XGS_LSS_low.pdf.

  • Yadav, G., & Desai, T. N. (2016). Lean Six Sigma: A categorized review of the literature. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 7(1), 2–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C.-C. (2004). An integrated model of TQM and GE-Six Sigma. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 97–111.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf, Y. Y., & Adeleye, E. O. (2002). A comparative study of lean and agile manufacturing with a related survey of current practices in the UK. International Journal of Production Research, 40(17), 4545–4562.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, A., Luo, W., Shi, Y., Chia, S. T., & Sim, Z. H. X. (2016). Lean and Six Sigma in logistics: A pilot survey study in Singapore. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 36(11), 1625–1643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Business and Quality Management, HBMS University, Dubai, UAE

    Souraj Salah

  2. Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Business Administration, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Abdur Rahim

Authors
  1. Souraj Salah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdur Rahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Souraj Salah .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Salah, S., Rahim, A. (2019). The Integration of Six Sigma and Lean. In: An Integrated Company-Wide Management System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99034-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99034-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99033-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99034-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation