Abstract
International treaties and declarations on climate change have focused almost exclusively on sources of climate change neglectfully the consequences on biodiversity the ultimate foundation for life on Earth. Although extremely appropriate, such approach neglect to the consequences of climate change on biological diversity and on their components (animals, plants, insects, microorganisms and habitats) almost condemned to disappear due their impossibility to move or adapt. Therefore, a lack of legal rules in international law has arisen due to lack of international legal framework to address loss biodiversity by conserving it in a mixture of forms of conservation. An example is reflected in “climate change and the law” a report of the Argentine Association of Comparative Law to the XVIII Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law (author Professor Erkki Hollo). In this report, consequence of climate change on the biological diversity has not been addressed due to lack of legal rules (among other reasons). Sustaining agriculture and agrobiodiversity to maintain food production for human beings is part of the “ecosystem services” of biodiversity that have been completely forgotten when the consequences of climate change has not been properly addressed. In order to fill scientific gap grounds from natural science and juridical sciences particularly, international law will be explained in this article arguing for preventive measures to save biodiversity in danger. It is a conceptual paper as most of our work in sciences. First the paper will establish not only the relationship between n the effects of climate change on biodiversity for legal scholars but solutions to the problem will be discussed. Most of the literature on the subject seems to lack the importance of international law and public policy on facing the aforementioned problem and it is not possible to “act” without legal rules.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Araújo TLK (2015) Environmental law, public policies, and climate change: a social-legal analysis in the Brazilian context. In: Walter LF (ed) Handbook of climate change adaptation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 973–982
Bateman IJ et al (2013) Economic decision-making: land use in the United Kingdom. Science 341:45, 46
Bellard C (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity, Ecolett 15(4):365–367
Carson R (1962) Silent spring. Mariner Books, pp 5–130
CONAMA (2003) Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad. Republica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, p 589
Cordonier-Seggier MC (2015) Inaugural speech, Cordonier-Segger, Marie Claire, et al. conference on biodiversity, sustainable development and the law. University of Cambridge, p 1
Galaz V et al (2012) Polycentric systems and interacting planetary boundaries-emerging governance of climate change-ocean acidification-marine biodiversity. Ecol Econ 81:21–32
Gauthier S et al (2015) Boreal forest health and climate change. Science 349(6250):819–822
Gitay H et al (2002) Climate change and biodiversity, Intergovernmental panel on climate change. Bonn, pp 16–24
Hallegatte S (2008) Strategies to adapt to an uncertain climate changes. Glob Environ Change 240–247
Harley CD (2011) Climate change, keystone predation, and biodiversity loss. Science 334:1124–1127
Hodas D (2005) Biodiversity and climate change, 3d Colloquium of the IUCN academy of environmental law. Macquarie University, Sydney, pp 2–4
Hoorn C et al (2010) Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity. Science 330:927–931
Hurlbert M (2015) Assessing the capacity of law to facilitate adaptation to climate change. In Walter LF (ed) Handbook of climate change adaptation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 708–720
International Court of Justice (2010) Argentina v Uruguay, Judgement, United Nations Organization. The Hague, pp 18–107
Jetz W et al. (2007) Project impacts of climate change on the global diversity of birds. PLoS biol 1211–1219
Kerr RH (2007) Global Warming is changing the world. Science 316:188–190
Lambers Ris JH (2015) Extinction risks from climate change. Science 348(6234):501
Loarie SR et al (2009) The velocity of climate change. Nature 462(24/41):1052–1054
Mehdi A (2010) Climate change and biodiversity: India’s perspective and legal framework. J Indian Law Inst 52(3&4):343ss
Morgera E (2011) Faraway, so close: a legal analysis of the increasing interactions between the convention on biological diversity and climate change law. University of Edinburg, School of Law, Working paper series, No 2011/05, pp 1–5
Morgera E (2012) No need to reinvent the Wheel for human rights-based approach to tackling climate change: the contribution of international biodiversity law. University of Edimburg School of Law Research Paper 2012/15, Edinburgh, 2015, p 6
ONU (1992a) Convention on biological diversity. Rio de Janeiro, articles 8 and 9
ONU (1992b) Framework convention on climate change. Rio de Janeiro, articles 4 and 5
ONU (2015) Paris Agreement, Paris
ONU (2016) World wildlife crime report, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes, New York, pp 3–11
Pennisi E (2013) Global tracking of small animals gains momentum. Science 334:1042
Peña S (2015) La equidad en la utilización de los recursos genéticos naturales defendiendo los derechos de sujetos internacionales: interpretación y aplicación y derecho comparado, Huelva, pp 115–126
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2002) Interlinkages between biological diversity and climate change: advice on the integration of biodiversity considerations into the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biological Diversity and Climate Change, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2003|Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp 3–7
Vienna Convention on the law of treaties (1969), United Nations Organizations, Vienna, articles 26,35,36.
Watson R et al (2005) Ecosystem and human well-being, summary for decision makers, millennium ecosystem assessment. Island Press, p 3
Wilis K, Bhagwat SA (2009) Biodiversity and climate change. Science 326:806–807
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peña-Neira, S. (2019). Climate and Biological Diversity: How Should the Effects of Climate Change on Biological Diversity Be Legally Addressed in International and Comparative Law and Solutions?. In: Leal Filho, W., Barbir, J., Preziosi, R. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change and Biodiversity. Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98680-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98681-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)