Abstract
The wine sector is crucial for the French economy. It represents the second net trade surplus (behind aeronautic) and allows for creating numerous jobs in rural regions, where economic activities are rare. France is historically one of the leaders of wine production around the world; one of the biggest producers in volume, along with Spain and Italy; and the main producer in value. French wines have an ancient and large reputation. Nevertheless the consumption and the production of wine have been experiencing a long-term decline (since the 1970s) in France. The exports are essential then. Facing the development of an intensive worldwide competition in the wine sector since the 1990s, French producers have to perform in order to maintain their competitiveness. The complexity of their industrial organization, the numerous appellation regimes, the high fragmentation of the production and the length of their supply chain are real challenges to face this competition coming from the Old World as well as the New World.
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Notes
- 1.
The annual growth of plantations is limited to 1% in Europe (OIV).
- 2.
INAO is an organization belonging to the French Ministry of Agriculture. It guarantees and protects the denominations of origin, supervises modifications and examines the applications for recognition under official geographical indication.
- 3.
The RGA, or General Agricultural Census, compiles statistics on the number of farms, on the technical and economic orientations, on the agricultural surfaces used, the productions and surfaces concerned, the areas still grassed, and the main grasslands. The RGA (or RA) is organized every 10 to 12Â years. The first census took place in 1998, then in 2000 and finally in 2010. They constitute the main data source from the Ministry of Agriculture.
- 4.
See tables in page 38 and 39 of FranceAgriMer 2014.
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Alonso Ugaglia, A., Cardebat, JM., Jiao, L. (2019). The French Wine Industry. In: Alonso Ugaglia, A., Cardebat, JM., Corsi, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Wine Industry Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98633-3_2
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