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Feeding and Digestion

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Marine Mammals

Abstract

Many of the morphological and physiological adaptations that marine mammals exhibit for an aquatic life enhance their ability to feed. Mysticeti use baleen to filter large numbers (e.g., swarms of krill or schools of fish) of smaller prey, while Odontoceti generally use raptorial biting and/or suction to capture larger, individual prey, often after pursuit. Some species of Phocidae and walruses rely primarily on suction feeding while most use raptorial biting. Sea otters use their fore paws to capture sessile invertebrates. Dugongs feed by scouring the seafloor, cropping leaves of seagrasses or uprooting the rhizomess. Manatees also have large facial muscles used for grazing and browsing. The mammary glands of marine mammals are relatively flat and lie beneath the blubber or skin. The availability of food is often unpredictable and episodic, so animals will often eat as much as possible and build body fat reserves when food is available. This behavior insures that they have sufficient energy for periods of anticipated or unanticipated fasting.

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    Randall W. Davis

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Davis, R.W. (2019). Feeding and Digestion. In: Marine Mammals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98280-9_8

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