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Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders pp 267–301Cite as

Neuroimaging and Antipsychotics

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Abstract

The relationship between pharmacological treatment and structural and functional brain characteristics in the major psychoses is a matter of lively debate. In the case of schizophrenia, a better definition of the role played by antipsychotic treatment on the progressive trajectory of brain abnormalities is crucial to understand the nature of such abnormalities and whether they could be moderated or prevented. In this respect, contrasting data have emerged on the role of first-generation vs second-generation antipsychotics. From a clinical viewpoint, some evidence exists on the relationship between brain structural and functional changes and clinical response to antipsychotic medication. This may help to identify patients who will benefit from a given treatment, a possibility especially useful for costly treatments or treatments with complex management or serious side effect profiles. The goal of the current chapter is to review the existing evidence about the impact of antipsychotic drug treatment on brain structure, as assessed by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), and function, as assessed by functional neuroimaging techniques (i.e., PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRI spectroscopy) with a focus on prospective, longitudinal studies. Furthermore, change of positive and negative symptoms (both primary and secondary) under treatment with respect to brain structural, functional, and neurochemical correlates is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Antonio Vita

  2. Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Antonio Vita

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

    Florian Schlagenhauf

  4. Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Stefano Barlati

  5. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Heinz

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  1. Antonio Vita
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  2. Florian Schlagenhauf
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  3. Stefano Barlati
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  4. Andreas Heinz
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Correspondence to Antonio Vita .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Silvana Galderisi

  2. Harvard Medical School, The VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA

    Lynn E. DeLisi

  3. Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Stefan Borgwardt

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Vita, A., Schlagenhauf, F., Barlati, S., Heinz, A. (2019). Neuroimaging and Antipsychotics. In: Galderisi, S., DeLisi, L., Borgwardt, S. (eds) Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97307-4_7

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