Skip to main content

Distributed Systems Modelling

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Modeling and Optimization in Science and Technologies ((MOST,volume 13))

Abstract

Distributed systems have a lot of applications, commonly with multitasks where the information exchange is high through a communication network, this exchange presents inherent time delays that degrade the system. For obtaining an acceptable performance in the distributed system, time delays need to be taken into consideration during design. This chapter is devoted to reviewing some representations of time delays in function of some features as the operative system, network, scheduling. These include the scalability, concurrency, feasibility and extensibility. Several situations are reviewed, such as aperiodic communications or consensus needs, among other situations. Finally, an introduction to a helicopter dynamic model is given, focusing on real-time representation with a relationship matrix of transmission frequencies through True-time simulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Heemels, W.P.M.H., Siahaan, H., Juloski, A., Weiland, S.: Control of quantized linear systems: an optimal control approach. In: Proceedings of American Control Conference, Denver, CO, pp. 3502–3507 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Luck, R., Ray, A.: An observer-based compensator for distributed delays. Automatica 26–5, 903–908 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Coulouris, G., Dollimore, J., Kindberg, T., Blair, G.: Distributed Systems. Addison Wesley (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tanenbaum, A., Van-Steen, M.: Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms. Prentice Hall (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Esquivel-Flores, O.A.: Estudio de Sistemas reconfigurables en tiempo real con base en un sistema multiagente reactivo. Posgrado en Ciencias e Ingenieria de la Computacion, UNAM. 23 Enero (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Association, Open DeviceNet Vendors: DeviceNet Specification, 2.0 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Liu, F., Narayanan, A., Bai, Q.: Real-Time Systems (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hadzilacos, V., Toueg, S.: A Modular Approach to the Specification and Implementation of Fault-Tolerant Broadcasts. Technical Inform, Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca N.Y (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lamport, L.: Time clocks and the ordering of the events on distributed systems. Commun. ACM 21(7) (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Khanna, V.K., Singh, S.: An improved pigback ethernet protocol and its analysis. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 26(11), 1437–1446 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wheelis, J.D.: Process control communication: token bus, CSMA/CD, or token ring. ISA Trans. 32(2), 193–198 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Koubias, S.A., Papadopoulos, G.D.: Modern fieldbus communication architectures for real-time industrial applications. Comput. Ind. 26(3), 243–252 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lian, F.L., Moyne, J.R., Tilbury, D.M.: Performance evaluation of control networks: Ethernet, ControlNet, and DeviceNet. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 21, 66–83 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tanenbaum, A.S.: Computer Networks, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc. (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Verriest, E., Egerstedt, M.: Control with delayed and limited information: a first look. In: Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 1231–1236 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Edison, J., Cole, W.: Ethernet rules closed-loop systems. InTech, 39–42 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kaplan, G.: Ethernets winning ways. IEEE Spectr. 38(1), 113–114 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Imer, O.C., Yuksel, S., Basar, T.: Optimal control of LTI systems over unreliable communication links. Automatica 42(9), 1429–1439 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Walsh, G.C., Beldiman, O., Bushnell, L.: Error encoding algorithms for networked control systems. In: Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 5, pp. 4933–4938 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tanenbaum, A.: Distributed Operating Systems. Prentice Hall (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Xia, F., Sun, Y.: Control and Scheduling Codesign: Flexible Resource Management in Real-Time Control Systems. Springer (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kumar, S., Raghavan, V., Deng, J.: Medium access control portocols for ad hoc wireless networks: a survey. Ad Hoc Netw. 4, 326–358 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Esquivel-Flores, O., Benitez-Perez, H., Mendez, E., Menendez, A.: Frequency transition for scheduling management using dynamic system approximation for a kind of NCS. ICIC Express Lett. part B Appl. 1(1), 93–98 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Benitez-Perez, H., Garcia-Nocetti, F.: Reconfigurable Distributed Control. Springer, Berlin, Germany (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Quanser: 2-DOF Helicopter, User and Control Manual. Quanser, Speciality Experiments: 2- DOF Helicopter (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cervin, A., Ohlin, M., Henriksson, D.: Simulation of networked control systems using truetime. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Networked Control Systems: Tolerant to Faults, Nancy, France (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cervin, A., Henriksson, D., Lincoln, B., Eker, J., Arzen, K.-E.: How does control timing affect performance? Analysis and simulation of timing using jitterbug and truetime. IEEE Control Syst. 23(3), 16–30 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mendez-Monroy, P.E., Benitez-Perez, H.: Supervisory fuzzy control for networked control systems. Int. J. Innov. Comput. Inf. Control Express Lett. 3(2), 233–240 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Menendez-Leonel, A., Benitez-Perez, H.: Scheduling strategy for real-time distributed systems. J. Appl. Res. Technol. 8(2), 177–185 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Liu, C., Layland, J.: Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 20(1), 46–61 (1973)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Balbastre, P.: Modelos de Tareas para la Integracion del Control y la Planificacion en Sistemas de Tiempo Real. Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Tesis Doctoral (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lian, F., Moyne, J., Otanez, P., Tilbury, D., Moyne, J.: Design of sampling and transmission rates for achieving control and communication performance in networked multi-agent system In: Proceedings of American Control Conference, Denver, USA, 4–6 June, pp. 3329–3334 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Weiss, G.: Multiagent Systems a Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence. MIT (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lynch, N.: Distributed Algorithms. Morgan Kauffman (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bond, A., Gasser, L.: Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann (1988)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Huhns, M.N., Singh, M.P. (eds.): Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Benitez-Perez, H., Garcia-Zavala, A., Garcia-Nocetti, F.: Aproposal for online reconfiguration based upon a modification of planning scheduling and fuzzy logic contol law response. In: ISSADS. Lecture Notes Computer Science, pp. 141–152. Springer (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jennings, N.: Cooperation in Industrial Multiagent Systems. World Scientific (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wooldridge, M., Jennings, N.: Intelligent Agents. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, N. R. (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cenjor, A., Garcia, A.: Control basado en agentes mejorados con tecnologia auto-id. RIAII 2(3), 48–60 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Higuera, A.G., Montalvo, A.C.: Sistema heterarquico de control basado en agentes para sistemas de fabricacion: la nueva metodologia proha. Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Inform. Ind. RIAI 4(1), 83–94 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cena, C.G., Saltaren, R., Blazquez, J.L., Aracil, R.: Desarrollo de una interfaz de usuario para el sistema robotico multiagente smart. Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Inform. Ind. RIAI 7(4), 17–27 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ramirez-Gonzalez, T., Quinones-Reyes, P., Benitez-Perez, H., Laureano-Cruces, A., Garcia-Nocetti, F.: Reconfigurable fuzzy Takagi Sugeno networked control using cooperative agents and local fault diagnosis. In: IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing, 2007, WISP 2007, pp. 1–5. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Corkill, P.: Collaborating software: blackboard and multiagent systems and the future. In: Proceedings on the International Lisp Conference, vol. 3, pp. 123–138 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ramirez, T.: Algoritmo de Planificacion en un Sistema de Control Distribuido basado en una Arquitectura Multiagente en Tiempo Real. Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Tesis de Maestria (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Oosterom, M.: Soft computing methods in flight control systems design. Ph.D. University Technology Delft (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Benitez-Perez, H., Garcia-Nocetti, F.: Reconfigurable distributed control using smart peripheral elements. Control Eng. Pract. 11(9), 975–988 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lunze, J., Steffen, T.: Hybrid reconfigurable control. In: Modelling, Analysis, and Design of Hybrid Systems, pp. 267–284. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lunze, J., Rowe-Serrano, D., Steffen, T.: Control reconfiguration demonstrated at a two-degrees-of-freedom helicopter model. In: Proceedings European Control Conference, Cambridge, UK (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Latif-Shabgahi, G., Bennett, S., Bass, J.M.: Smoothing voter: a novel voting algorithm for handling multiple errors in fault-tolerant control systems. Microprocess. Microsyst. 27(7), 303–313 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Latif-Shabgahi, G.R.: A novel algorithm for weighted average voting used in fault tolerant computing systems. Microprocess. Microsyst. 28(7), 357–361 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Quanser: Quanser 2 DOF Helicopter, User and Control Manual, Quanser Innovative-Educate (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Ohlin, M. Henriksson, D., Cervin, A.: True Time 1.5 Reference Manual. Department of Automatic Control, Lund University (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Héctor Benítez-Pérez .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Benítez-Pérez, H., Ortega-Arjona, J.L., Méndez-Monroy, P.E., Rubio-Acosta, E., Esquivel-Flores, O.A. (2019). Distributed Systems Modelling. In: Control Strategies and Co-Design of Networked Control Systems . Modeling and Optimization in Science and Technologies, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97044-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics