Abstract
This chapter will explore issues and methods involved in the developent of sustainable open heritage datasets and their potential uses, including the concept of openness, crowdsourcing, and copyright. It will include a case study based on the collection “Aagaards Photos” from Kolding City Archives (Denmark). The dataset consists of image-files, tables of identified people, and geographical locations for people and places. It is currently stored in three different locations that are openly accessible: Flickr, Google Maps, and Google Sheets. This chapter will present a step-by-step guide to how data is extracted from each of these datasets through readily-available and well-described APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and how these datasets can be combined for the purpose of analysis or visualization.
Keywords
- Open Heritage
- Heritage Datasets
- Google Sheets
- Identifiable People
- Application Programming Interface (APIs)
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Courtney Ruge, Tom Denison, Steve Wright, Graham Willett, and Joanne Evans, “Custodianship and Online Sharing in Australian Community Archives,” in Participatory Heritage, ed. Henriette Roued-Cunliffe and Andrea J. Copeland (London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2017), 82–83.
- 3.
Graham Cornish, Copyright: Interpreting the Law for Libraries, Archives and Information Services (London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2015), 1, http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=2073251.
- 4.
Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? (Abingdon, UK: Earthscan, 2002), 2.
- 5.
Open Definition, “The Open Definition - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge.” 2017. Accessed May 10, 2017, http://opendefinition.org/.
- 6.
According to their website, “OpenGLAM is an initiative coordinated by Open Knowledge that promotes free and open access to digital cultural heritage held by Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums.”
- 7.
“OpenGLAM Principles.” OpenGLAM. 2013. Accessed April 8, 2017, https://openglam.org/principles/.
- 8.
The Europeana.eu platform links thousands of organizations from across the European Union to aggregate digitized cultural heritage works: https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en.
- 9.
“OpenGLAM Principles.” OpenGLAM. 2013. Accessed April 8, 2017, https://openglam.org/principles/.
- 10.
Cornish, 7.
- 11.
Simon Tanner, Reproduction Charging Models & Rights Policy for Digital Images in American Art Museums (KDCS Digital Consultancy, 2004), https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/48081293/USMuseum_SimonTanner.pdf.
- 12.
“OpenGLAM Principles.”
- 13.
Ibid.
- 14.
Ibid.
- 15.
Tim Causer and Melissa Terras, ‘“Many Hands Make Light Work. Many Hands Together Make Merry Work’: Transcribe Bentham and Crowdsourcing Manuscript Collections,” in Crowdsourcing Our Cultural Heritage, ed. Mia Ridge (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014), 73.
- 16.
www.europeana.eu, as of October 1, 2017.
- 17.
“W3Schools Online Web Tutorials,” W3 Schools. 2017. Accessed May 29, 2017, https://www.w3schools.com.
References
Causer, Tim, and Melissa Terras. ‘“Many Hands Make Light Work. Many Hands Together Make Merry Work’: Transcribe Bentham and Crowdsourcing Manuscript Collections.” In Crowdsourcing Our Cultural Heritage, edited by Mia Ridge, 57–88. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014.
Cornish, Graham P. Copyright: Interpreting the Law for Libraries, Archives and Information Services. London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2015. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=2073251.
Drahos, Peter, and John Braithwaite. Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? Abingdon, UK: Earthscan, 2002.
Open Definition. “The Open Definition—Open Definition—Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge.” 2017. Accessed May 10, 2017. http://opendefinition.org/.
“OpenGLAM Principles.” OpenGLAM. 2013. Accessed April 8, 2017. https://openglam.org/principles/.
Ruge, Courtney, Tom Denison, Steve Wright, Graham Willett, and Joanne Evans. “Custodianship and Online Sharing in Australian Community Archives.” In Participatory Heritage, edited by Henriette Roued-Cunliffe and Andrea J. Copeland, 79–86. London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2017.
Tanner, Simon. Reproduction Charging Models & Rights Policy for Digital Images in American Art Museums. KDCS Digital Consultancy, 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/48081293/USMuseum_SimonTanner.pdf.
“W3Schools Online Web Tutorials.” W3 Schools. 2017. Accessed May 29, 2017. https://www.w3schools.com.
Acknowledgements
I want to thank Maria Wehde for pushing the open agenda and including me in the Aagaard Project in the first place and City Archivist, Lene Wul, for continuing down this path with me. I also want to thank the students at University of Copenhagen for their willingness to learn to program with open data and for enabling me to develop my tutorials.
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Roued-Cunliffe, H. (2018). Developing Sustainable Open Heritage Datasets. In: levenberg, l., Neilson, T., Rheams, D. (eds) Research Methods for the Digital Humanities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96713-4_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96713-4_16
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