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Introduction: Theatres of Memory

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Memory and Enlightenment

Part of the book series: Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies ((PMMS))

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Abstract

The introduction traces the persistence of the ‘long eighteenth century’ (1660–1800) in our present, beginning with a discussion of a 2016 performance of Hamilton and working through philosophical and political legacies of enlightenment which continue to define our modernity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Marek Tamm, ‘Introduction: Afterlife of Events: Perspectives on Mnemohistory’, in Tamm, ed., Afterlife of Events: Perspectives on Mnemohistory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), pp. 1–23, 1.

  2. 2.

    Joanna Walters, ‘Trump Demands Apology from Hamilton Cast after Mike Pence Booed’, Guardian, 19 November 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/19/mike-pence-booed-at-hamilton-performance-then-hears-diversity-plea (text taken from embedded video).

  3. 3.

    Jerome de Groot, Remaking History: The Past in Contemporary Historical Fiction (London: Routledge, 2015), p. 2.

  4. 4.

    Astrid Erll, Memory in Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), p. 8.

  5. 5.

    Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jeremy McCarter, Hamilton : The Revolution (London: Little, Brown, 2016), p. 11.

  6. 6.

    Peter Neal Peregrine, ‘Seeking Truth among “Alternative Facts”’, The Conversation, 24 February 2017, https://theconversation.com/seeking-truth-among-alternative-facts-72733; Carolyn Y. Johnston, ‘Harvard Scientist Worries We’re “Reverting to a Pre-Enlightenment Form of Thinking”’, ‘Wonkblog’, Washington Post, 23 February 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/02/23/harvard-scientist-worries-were-reverting-to-a-pre-enlightenment-form-of-thinking/?utm_term=.956000248f38.

  7. 7.

    Paul Ricoeur, Memory, History, Forgetting, trans. Kathleen Blamey and David Pellauer (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004), p. xvii; Will Martin, ‘Full Text: Emmanuel Macron’s First Speech after His Historic French Election Victory’, Business Insider, 8 May 2017, http://uk.businessinsider.com/full-text-emmanuel-macron-first-speech-president-2017-5.

  8. 8.

    ‘The Observer View on British Politics after Brexit’, unsigned editorial, Observer, 9 October 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/08/observer-editorial-theresa-may-britain-post-brexit.

  9. 9.

    Jonathan Israel, Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity, 1650–1750 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670–1752 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750–1790 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011); Anthony Pagden, The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013); Stephen Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism and Progress (London: Allen Lane, 2018).

  10. 10.

    Elazar Barkan, The Guilt of Nations: Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injustices (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), p. xxxii.

  11. 11.

    John Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680–1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 3.

  12. 12.

    Daniel Carey and Lyn Festa, eds, The Postcolonial Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Colonialism and Postcolonial Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 105.

  13. 13.

    Carey and Festa, Postcolonial Enlightenment, p. 5.

  14. 14.

    Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 7.

  15. 15.

    See Diana Solomon, Prologues and Epilogues of Restoration Theater: Gender and Comedy, Performance and Print (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2013).

  16. 16.

    Brycchan Carey, ‘Remembering Slavery in the Novel after 2007: Blonde Roots and The Long Song’, paper presented at The British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Annual Conference, January 2014 and at Encounters, Affinities, Legacies: The Eighteenth Century in the Present Day, University of York, June 2013.

  17. 17.

    Andreas Huyssen, ‘Present Pasts: Media, Politics, Amnesia’, Public Culture 12 (2000), 21–38, 21.

  18. 18.

    Aleida Assmann, ‘Theories of Cultural Memory and the Concept of Afterlife’, in Tamm, ed., Afterlife of Events, pp. 79–94, 80.

  19. 19.

    Huyssen , ‘Present Pasts’, p. 23; Jean-François Lyotard, Libidinal Economy (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1984), p. 72.

  20. 20.

    Svetlana Boym, The Future of Nostalgia (New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 3.

  21. 21.

    John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London: Everyman, 1993), pp. 180–1.

  22. 22.

    Udo Thiel, The Early Modern Subject: Self-Consciousness and Personal Identity from Descartes to Hume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 99; Aleida Assmann, Cultural Memory and Western Civilization: Arts of Memory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), p. 87.

  23. 23.

    Assmann, Cultural Memory and Western Civilization, p. 87.

  24. 24.

    Locke , Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 287.

  25. 25.

    Jonathan Kramnick, Actions and Objects from Hobbes to Richardson (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010), pp. 86–7.

  26. 26.

    Sandra Macpherson, Harm’s Way: Tragic Responsibility and the Novel Form (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), pp. 23, 2.

  27. 27.

    Alison Landsberg, Prosthetic Memory : The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), p. 2.

  28. 28.

    Astrid Erll, ‘Traumatic Pasts, Literary Afterlives, and Transcultural Memory: New Directions of Literary and Media Memory Studies’, Journal of Aesthetics and Culture, 3 (2011), online publication, https://doi.org/10.3402/jac.v3i0.7186.

  29. 29.

    Nicola Parsons, ‘Reading and Remembering History’ in Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year’, in Parsons and Kate Mitchell, eds, Reading Historical Fiction: The Revenant and Remembered Past (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), pp. 119–35, 120.

  30. 30.

    Astrid Erll, ‘Literature, Film and the Mediality of Cultural Memory’, in Erll, and Ansgar Nünning, eds, A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010), pp. 389–98, 389.

  31. 31.

    Erll, Memory in Culture, p. 391.

  32. 32.

    Barbara M. Benedict, ‘The Spirit of Things’, in Mark Blackwell, ed., The Secret Life of Things: Animals, Objects, and It Narratives in Eighteenth-Century England (Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2007), pp. 19–43, 25.

  33. 33.

    Locke , Two Treatises of Government, pp. 287–8.

  34. 34.

    Locke , Essay, p. 23.

  35. 35.

    Wolfram Schmidgen, Eighteenth-Century Fiction and the Law of Property (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 55.

  36. 36.

    Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (London: Vintage, 1994), p. 75.

  37. 37.

    Erll, ‘Mediality of Cultural Memory’, p. 390.

  38. 38.

    Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Oakland: University of California Press, 1988), p. 136.

  39. 39.

    Anna Holland and Richard Scholar, ‘Introduction’, Pre-histories and Afterlives: Studies in Critical Method for Terence Cave (London: MHRA, 2009), pp. 1–14, 5.

  40. 40.

    Erik Martiny, ‘Multiplying Footprints: Alienation and Integration in Derek Walcott’s Reworkings of the Robinson Crusoe Myth’, English Studies, 87.6 (2006), 669–78, 669.

  41. 41.

    Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, ‘Theory in the Margin: Coetzee ’s Foe Reading Defoe’s’, Crusoe/Roxana’, English in Africa, 17 (1990), 1–23, 9, 14; Critique of Postcolonial Reason, p. 182.

  42. 42.

    Linda Hutcheon, A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction (London: Routledge, 1988), p. 114.

  43. 43.

    J.M. Coetzee, Foe (London: Penguin, 1988), p. 16.

  44. 44.

    Patrick Hayes, ‘“An Author I Have Not Read”: Coetzee ’s Foe, Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, and the Problem of the Novel’, Review of English Studies, 57 (2006), 273–90, 282.

  45. 45.

    Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), pp. 217, 281.

  46. 46.

    Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, ed. and trans. Lewis A. Coser (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp. 38, 37.

  47. 47.

    Adriana S. Benzaquén, Encounters with Wild Children: Temptation and Disappointment in the Study of Human Nature (Montréal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006), pp. 106–7; Julia V. Douthwaite, The Wild Girl, Natural Man, and the Monster: Dangerous Experiments in the Age of Enlightenment (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 29–52.

  48. 48.

    Joseph Roach, Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. 4.

  49. 49.

    Douthwaite, p. 22, citing Daniel Defoe, Mere Nature Delineated (1726).

  50. 50.

    David Hume, Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge, 3rd ed., rev. and ed. P. H. Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), p. 48.

  51. 51.

    Hume , A Treatise of Human Nature: A Critical Edition, ed. David Fate Norton and Mary J. Norton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007), p. 175.

  52. 52.

    Maria Mulvany, ‘Spectral Histories: The Queer Temporalities of Emma Donoghue’s Slammerkin ’, Irish University Review, 43 (2013), 157–68, 161.

  53. 53.

    Deborah Adelaide, Serpent Dust (Millsons Point, NSW: Vintage, 1998), p. 8.

  54. 54.

    Stef Craps, Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), p. 60.

  55. 55.

    Kate Mitchell, History and Cultural Memory in Neo-Victorian Fiction: Victorian Afterimages (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), p. 36.

  56. 56.

    Locke, Two Treatises, p. 368.

  57. 57.

    Monique Wittig, ‘On the Social Contract’, in Lydia Lange, ed., Feminist Interpretations of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002), pp. 360–9, 366, 361.

  58. 58.

    Helen Thompson, Ingenuous Subjection: Compliance and Power in the Eighteenth-Century Domestic Novel (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), p. 11.

  59. 59.

    Victoria Kahn, Wayward Contracts: The Crisis of Political Obligation in England, 1640–74 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), p. 59.

  60. 60.

    Ian Baucom, Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery and the Philosophy of History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), pp. 71–2.

  61. 61.

    Martyn Hudson, The Slave Ship , Memory and the Origin of Modernity (London: Routledge, 2016), p. 1.

  62. 62.

    Roach , Cities of the Dead, p. xi.

  63. 63.

    Pierre Nora, ‘Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire’, Representations, 26 (1989), 7–24, 13.

  64. 64.

    Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John Cumming (London: Verso, 1997), pp. 76, 79.

  65. 65.

    Tamm, ‘Introduction’, Afterlife of Events, p. 9.

  66. 66.

    Giorgio Agamben, ‘Aby Warburg and the Nameless Science’, in Potentialities: Collected Essays in Philosophy (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999), pp. 89–103, 95, 94.

  67. 67.

    Roger Luckhurst, ‘The Contemporary London Gothic and the Limits of the “Spectral Turn”’, Textual Practice, 16 (2002), 527–46.

  68. 68.

    Jacques Derrida, Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International, trans. Peggy Kamuf (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. xvii, xviii.

  69. 69.

    Bernard Magnus and Stephen Cullenberg, ‘Editors’ Introduction’, Specters, p. vii.

  70. 70.

    ‘A Letter of Mr. Isaac Newton […], Containing His New Theory about Light and Colors’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 80 (1672), 3075–87, 3076.

  71. 71.

    Patricia Fara, ‘Newton Shows the Light: A Commentary on Newton (1672) “A Letter … Containing His New Theory about Light and Colours…”’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373.2039 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0213.

  72. 72.

    Landsberg, Prosthetic Memory , p. 1.

  73. 73.

    Erll, ‘Re-writing as Re-visioning’, European Journal of English Studies, 10 (2006), 163–85, 172.

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Ward, J. (2018). Introduction: Theatres of Memory. In: Memory and Enlightenment. Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96710-3_1

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