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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulation of Neurophysiological Functional Outcomes: Neurophysiological Principles and Rationale

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Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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Abstract

For exploring physiological effects of tDCS in humans, numerous tools are available, spanning from measures allowing to monitor regional alterations of brain excitability and activity, to network alterations including modulation of remote areas. The most important tools to explore physiological effects in humans include transcranial magnetic stimulation, evoked potential measures, magnetic resonance tomography, electroencephalography and positron emission tomography. Although the main bulk of studies during the last years have explored tDCS effects on motor cortex excitability and activity, research has extended to other cortical areas, including association cortices, and interaction between remote cortices. This chapter will give a state of the art overview about regional physiological effects of tDCS on motor, sensory and multimodal brain areas, as well as about network effects of tDCS. Overall, the concept of tDCS modulation of functional outcomes in health and disease build on evidence suggesting that (i) the human neural system can undergo neuroplastic changes that may be associated with altered functional outcomes or pathological conditions, (ii) tDCS can induce neuroplasticity in the means of enduring alterations of neural activity and connectivity and thus can be used to attempt prevention or reversal of maladaptive neuroplastic changes or to enhance adaptive neuroplasticity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA

    Helena Knotkova

  2. Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Helena Knotkova

  3. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany

    Michael A. Nitsche

  4. University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany

    Michael A. Nitsche

  5. ETH Zurich, Decision Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

    Rafael Polania

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  1. Helena Knotkova
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  2. Michael A. Nitsche
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  3. Rafael Polania
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Correspondence to Rafael Polania .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA

    Helena Knotkova

  2. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany

    Michael A. Nitsche

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Marom Bikson

  4. Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (CAM), McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Adam J. Woods

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Knotkova, H., Nitsche, M.A., Polania, R. (2019). Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulation of Neurophysiological Functional Outcomes: Neurophysiological Principles and Rationale. In: Knotkova, H., Nitsche, M., Bikson, M., Woods, A. (eds) Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95948-1_5

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