Abstract
Migration is not a new phenomenon in Chile as the country has long seen migrants coming from Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Colonial views about race and ethnicity adopted by Latin Americans as part of their class structure (Quijano 2000) established an early differentiation between the “civilized migrant” and the “uncivilized migrant” among groups that arrived on Latin America shores. Chilean news media has echoes of this binary vision between the “civilized = good” migrant and the “uncivilized = bad” migrant. The chapter aims to uncover the narratives of the civilized and uncivilized migrant within the printed news media, particularly in the two major newspapers El Mercurio and La Tercera, by focusing on how these ideas frame the way in which they cover migration.
Keywords
- Civilized migrant
- Uncivilized migrant
- Chile
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
References
Alvarez, M. E. (2016a, December 4). Cadem: 85% of Chileans believe that you must expel the immigrants who commit crimes. La Tercera.
Alvarez, R. (2016b, November 29). Deputies criticize Piñera’s statements about immigrants and compare him with Trump. La Tercera.
Alvarez, M. E., & Nunez, M. J. (2016, December 6). Migration: Government reviews economic aspects of (executive) bill before send. La Tercera.
Alvear, F. J., & Lugo-Ocando, J. (2016). When geopolitics becomes moral panic: El Mercurio and the use of international news as propaganda against Salvador Allende’s Chile (1970–1973). Media History, 22(1), 1–19.
Aton. (2016a, November 7). Justice orders extradition of six members of the largest network of migrant traffic in Chile. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2016/11/07/830075/Justicia-ordena-extradicion-de-seis-miembros-de-la-mayor-red-de-trafico-de-inmigrantes-hacia-Chile.html. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Aton. (2016b, December 2). Minister of defense: It is not far away that children of immigrants ‘are called to fulfill their military service’. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2016/12/02/833916/Ministro-de-Defensa-no-esta-lejano-que-hijos-de-inmigrantes-sean-llamados-a-cumplir-su-Servicio-Militar.html. Accessed 11 May 2017.
Barreda, F. (2017, February 5). The dangers that migrants are exposed in the sublease. El Mercurio. http://diario.elmercurio.com/detalle/index.asp?id={177e3314-175e-4573-82d6-02e593ac875f}. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Bawden, J. R. (2016). The Pinochet generation: The Chilean military in the twentieth century. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Bengoa, J. (1999). Historia de un Conflicto: El Estado y los Mapuchesen el Siglo XX. Santiago: Planeta SA.
Cabrero, A. (1948). Chile y losChilenos. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Lyceum.
Canales, J. (2017, January 13). Amplitude launches proposal on immigration and seeks to replicate New Zealand model. La Tercera.
Carreno, C. (2016, November 28). Opposition promotes restrictive policies for immigrants in its manifesto. La Tercera.
Carreno, C., & Ganora, E. (2016, November 29). Guillier’s proposal seeks to speed up deportation of immigrants convicted. La Tercera.
Censo. (2003). Sintesis de Resultados. Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas. Santiago: EmpresaPeriodistica La Nacion. http://www.ine.cl/docs/default-source/FAQ/s%C3%ADntesis-de-resultados-censo-2002.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Accessed 20 May 2017.
Centre for Public Studies. (2017). National survey of public opinion number 79. El Centro de Estudios Públicos. https://www.cepchile.cl/estudio-nacional-de-opinion-publica-abril-mayo-2017/cep/2017-06-01/155007.html. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Correa, S. (1985). Algunos antecedentes históricos del proyecto neoliberal en Chile (1955–1958). Opciones: Revista del Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Contemporánea, 6, 106–146.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Migration. (2017). Migration reports. DEM-Department of Foreign Affairs and Migration. http://www.extranjeria.gob.cl/media/2017/09/RM_PoblacionMigranteChile1.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2018.
Domingues, F. (2016, September 3). Speaking creole: How the clinics adapt to talk with Haitian patients in their language. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2016/09/03/820266/Atencion-en-creole-Las-iniciativas-de-algunos-consultorios-para-hablar-con-los-pacientes-haitianos-en-su-propio-idioma.html. Accessed 9 May 2017.
Ducci, M. E., & Rojas Symmes, L. (2010). Little Lima: The new face and vitality of Santiago de Chile’s downtown. Eure-Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Regionales, 36(108), 95–121.
Emol. (2016a, September 5). Public Attorney’s office will implement an exclusive lawyer pilot plan for foreigners in Antofagasta. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2016/09/05/820460/Defensoria-Penal-implementara-plan-piloto-de-abogado-exclusivo-para-extranjeros-en-Antofagasta.html. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Emol. (2016b, December 2). Bachelet assures that immigrants ‘are a contribution to Chile’ and that a bill on this matter will be prioritized. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2016/12/02/833849/Presidenta-Bachelet-asegura-que-los-inmigrantes-son-un-aporte-para-Chile.html. Accessed 13 May 2017.
Emol. (2017a, February 16). Haitians, Brazilians and Venezuelans: The irruption of immigrants in Chilean youth football. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Deportes/2017/02/16/845230/Haitianos-brasilenos-y-venezolanos-La-irrupcion-de-los-inmigrantes-en-el-futbol-joven-chileno.html. Accessed 8 May 2017.
Emol. (2017b, March 12). 28% increase in visas for foreigners who come to study in Chile. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/03/12/849003/Aumentan-en-un-28-las-visas-para-extranjeros-que-vienen-a-estudiar-a-Chile.html. Accessed 7 May 2017.
Emol. (2017c, April 17). Immigrants lead rental demand for ‘vertical ghettos’. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/04/17/854460/Inmigrantes-lideran-demanda-en-negocio-de-arriendos-en-guetos-verticales.html. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Emol. (2017d, April 22). Owner of rented overcrowded rooms to Haitians in Quilicura: ‘The product that you sell is not bad’. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/04/22/855244/Dueno-de-piezas-arrendadas-a-haitianos-hacinados-en-Quilicura-El-producto-que-uno-vende-no-es-malo.html. Accessed 12 May 2017.
Emol. (2017e, May 24). Antofagasta: More than half of the families living in tent cities (shanty towns) are immigrants. El Mercurio. http://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/05/24/859669/Antofagasta-Mas-de-la-mitad-de-las-familias-que-viven-en-campamentos-son-inmigrantes.html. Accessed 10 July 2017.
Encina Armanet and Francisco Antonio. (1949). Historia de Chile, des de la Prehistoria hasta 1891. Santiago: Editorial Nacimiento.
Espinoza, C., & Sepulveda, P. (2016, September 13). Ranking places Chile as the least attractive country in America to stay and live. La Tercera.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis. The critical study of language (Language in social life series). London/New York: Longman.
Fernandez, O. (2017a, April 20). The princes without port. La Tercera.
Fernandez, O. (2017b, April 23). Study shows that 28% of foreigners living in overcrowded conditions in Santiago. La Tercera.
Fuchs, C. (2017). Social media: A critical introduction. London: Sage.
Garrido-Sepulveda, P. (2016, September 5). What do immigrants work in Chile? La Tercera.
Gazmuri Riveros, C. (1981). Notas sobre la influencia del racismo en la obra de Nicolas Palacios, Francisco A. Encina y Alberto Cabero. Historia, 16, 225–247. https://repositorio.uc.cl/bitstream/handle/11534/9623/000318764.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 25 Dec 2017.
González, A. (2016, November 30). Businessmen enter the debate for immigrants: They are necessary, but (migration) must be regulated. El Mercurio.
Gutiérrez, H. (2010). Exaltación del mestizo: La invención del roto chileno. Universum (Talca), 25(1), 122–139.
Harvey, D. (2007). A brief history of neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Herrera, J., & Mardones, C. (2016, December 12). CASEN Survey: Migrants earn in average $ 584,000, 28% more than the average Chilean income. La Tercera.
Hindess, B. (2002). Neo-liberal citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 6(2), 127–143.
Hudson, D., & Martin, M. (2010). Narratives of neoliberalism: The role of everyday media practices and the reproduction of dominant ideas. In A. Gofas & C. Hay (Eds.), The role of ideas in political analysis: A portrait of contemporary debates (pp. 97–117). London/New York: Routledge.
Jarpa, M.-J. (2016, December 3). The forgotten immigrants from the street. La Tercera.
Kaye, R. (1988). Redefining the refugee: The UK media portrayal of asylum seekers. In K. Koser & H. Lutz (Eds.), The new migration in Europe: Social constructions and social realities (pp. 163–182). Hampshire/New York: Palgrave.
La Tercera. (2016a, December 30). Chile and Chileans in the eyes of immigrants. LaTercera. http://www.latercera.com/noticia/chile-los-chilenos-ante-los-ojos-los-inmigrantes/. Accessed 23 May 2017.
La Tercera. (2016b, September 19). A policy that encourages orderly immigration. La Tercera.
La Tercera. (2016c, November 24). Immigration: Opportunities and challenges. La Tercera.
Lafortunne, J., & Tessada, J. (2016). Migrantes Latinoamericanos en Chile. Un panorama de su integracion social, economica y financiera. Banco Interamericano del Desarrollo. Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones. https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/8024/Migrantes-latinoamericanos-en-Chile-Un-panorama-de-su-inclusion-social-economica-y-financiera.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 8 May 2017.
Le Mercurio. (2017, January 31). Contribution of immigrants. El Mercurio.
Leon, C. (2016, November 29). Clapes-UC: Immigration has had a positive impact on productivity. La Tercera.
Lueck, K., Due, C., & Augoustinos, M. (2015). Neoliberalism and nationalism: Representations of asylum seekers in the Australian mainstream news media. Discourse & Society, 26(5), 608–629.
Manning, P. (2001). News and news sources: A critical introduction. London: Sage.
Mansel, J., Urbina, M., & Watkins, H. (2019). National Renewal in the discourse of neoliberal transition in Britain and Chile. Journal Political Ideologies (Forthcoming).
Miles, R. (1993). Racism after ‘race relations’. London/New York: Routledge.
Mitchell, K. (2016). Neoliberalism and citizenship. In S. Springer, K. Birch, & J. MacLeavy (Eds.), Handbook of Neoliberalism (pp. 118–129). London/New York: Routledge.
Monckeberg, M. O. (2011). Los magnates de la prensa: concentración de los medios de comunicaciónen Chile. Santiago: Debate.
Mullins, M. (2006). In the shadow of the generals: Foreign policy making in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. London/New York: Routledge.
Navia, P., & Osorio, R. (2015). El Mercurio Lies, and La Tercera Lies More. Political bias in newspaper headlines in Chile, 1994–2010. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 34(4), 467–485.
Ong, A. (2006). Neoliberalism as exception: Mutations in citizenship and sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press.
Palacios, N. (1918). Raza chilena (2nd ed.). Santiago: Editorial Chilena.
Perez Rosales, V. (1886). Recuerdos del Pasado. Tercera Edicion. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Guttenberg.
Perez, C.-M. (2016, January 20). Venezuelans: The next big wave. La Tercera.
Pinochet, A. (1977). Speech on a new political institution. Memoria Cilena. http://www.memoriachilena.cl/602/w3-article-127202.html. Accessed 10 May 2017.
Pinochet, A. (1989). Transition and democratic consolidation. Santiago: Lord.
Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of power and eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, 15(2), 215–232.
Rodriguez, S., & Vaccani, G. (2016, December 2). Felipe Berríos: ‘We call Europeans foreigners and Latinos, immigrants’. La Tercera.
Romero, M.-C. (2016, November 29). Piñera discards similarity with Trump in his position on immigration: ‘We do not want to deport a legal immigrant’. El Mercurio.
Santa Cruz A. E. (1988). Análisis histórico del periodismo chileno. Santiago: Nuestra América Ediciones.
Sparke, M. B. (2006). A neoliberal nexus: Economy, security and the biopolitics of citizenship on the border. Political Geography, 25(2), 151–180.
Staab, S., & Maher, K. H. (2006). The dual discourse about Peruvian domestic workers in Santiago de Chile: Class, race, and a nationalist project. Latin American Politics and Society, 48(1), 87–116.
Stefoni, C. (2001). Representaciones culturales y estereotipos de la migración peruana en Chile. CLACSO. http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/becas/20101111100353/stefoni.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2017.
Torres, A., & Hidalgo, R. (2009). Los peruanos en Santiago de Chile: transformaciones urbanas y percepción de losinmigrantes. Polis, 8(22), 307–326.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2000). New (s) racism: A discourse analytical approach. In Ethnic minorities and the media. Changing cultural boundaries. Buckingham/Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Van Dijk, T. A. (2005). Racism and discourse in Spain and Latin America. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Villalobos-Diaz, F. (2016, August 30). Radiography of immigrant employment in Chile: What is its impact on the labor market? El Mercurio.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Urbina, M.L. (2018). Tales of Migration from the Global South. The Civilized and Uncivilized Migrant in the Narratives of La Tercera and El Mercurio. In: Balica, E., Marinescu, V. (eds) Migration and Crime. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95812-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95813-2
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)