Abstract
To conclude this volume, we first highlight some of the variations between the cases that have been covered before situating them in the historical evolution of the international system. We show that, contrary to what has been argued by some critiques, “political Marxism” does not adopt an “internalist” perspective on the transitions to capitalism. “National” or regional transitions are always co-constituted phenomenon. We explain how, historically, the spread of capitalism was conveyed by the international state system and fuelled, first, by geopolitical competition, and, second, by the emergence of capitalist imperialism. We conclude by setting an agenda for further research to fill some of the gaps that remain in our research project.
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Notes
- 1.
Alex Anievas and Kerem Nisancioglu, How The West Came to Rule: The Geopolitical Origins of Capitalism (London: Pluto Press, 2015), 24.
- 2.
Hannes Lacher, Beyond Globalization: Capitalism, Territoriality and the International Relations of Modernity (London: Routledge, 2006); Benno Teschke, The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern International Relations (London, Verso Books, 2003) and “Bourgeois Revolution, State Formation and the Absence of International,” Historical Materialism 13, no. 2 (2005); Ellen Meiksins Wood, The Pristine Culture of Capitalism: A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern States (New York: Verso, 1991); The Origin of Capitalism: A Longer View (New York: Verso, 2002), 147–181 and The Empire of Capital (New York: Verso, 2003).
- 3.
Teschke, “Bourgeois Revolution,” 7.
- 4.
Ibid., 13.
- 5.
Teschke, The Myth of 1648, 252–255.
- 6.
Lacher, Beyond Globalization, 90.
- 7.
Teschke, “Bourgeois Revolution,” 17–18. See also Lacher, Beyond Globalization, 92.
- 8.
Lacher, Beyond Globalization, 93.
- 9.
Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).
- 10.
Ellen Meiksins Wood, The Origin of Capitalism: A Longer View (New York: Verso, 2002), 147–149.
- 11.
Wood, The Empire of Capital.
- 12.
Wood, The Origin of Capitalism, 152–156; Wood, The Empire of Capital, 78–83.
- 13.
Martin J. Murray, The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina, 1870–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980) analyzes one example of a capitalist “enclave” economy produced by the new imperialism from a framework that owes much to the work of Brenner.
- 14.
See Martin J. Murray, ed., South African Capitalism and Black Political Opposition (Cambridge, MA: Schenkmen Publishing, 1980).
- 15.
David Roediger, Class, Race and Marxism (London: Verso, 2017), 25–27; Alex Anievas and Karem Nisanciouglu, “The Poverty of Political Marxism,” International Socialist Review 94 (Fall 2014).
- 16.
Ellen Meiksins Wood, Democracy against Capitalism: Renewing Historical Materialism (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 259.
- 17.
Cinzia Arruzza makes a similar point (“Remarks on Gender,” Viewpoint Magazine, September 2, 2014, https://www.viewpointmag.com/2014/09/02/remarks-on-gender and “Logic or History? The Political Stakes of Marxist-Feminist Theory,” Viewpoint Magazine, June 23, 2015, https://www.viewpointmag.com/2015/06/23/logic-or-history-the-political-stakes-of-marxist-feminist-theory).
- 18.
Charles Post, “Comments on Roediger’s Class, Race and Marxism,” Salvage On-Line, 2017, http://salvage.zone/online-exclusive/comments-on-roedigers-class-race-and-marxism/.
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Lafrance, X., Post, C. (2019). Conclusion. In: Lafrance, X., Post, C. (eds) Case Studies in the Origins of Capitalism. Marx, Engels, and Marxisms. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95657-2_14
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