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Spontaneous Recovery Mechanisms-Brain Reorganization

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Topics in Cognitive Rehabilitation in the TBI Post-Hospital Phase

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability. TBI is initially characterized by the activation of a group of mechanisms that induces spontaneous recovery and brain reorganization. It has been suggested that processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and plasticity (reorganization of connectivity), and angiogenesis play a role in spontaneous recovery after TBI. Adult neurogenesis has been described in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. TBI is characterized by the activation of neurogenesis that is important for the recovery of cognitive and learning skills. Although the exact mechanisms by which TBI can induce spontaneous recovery and brain reorganization have not been fully established, it is thought that activation of several signaling pathways by growth factors, signaling molecules, and cytokines that are produced after TBI play a role. This chapter will focus on reviewing how these molecules affect cell proliferation, viability, commitment, guidance, and location of neural stem cells in the two most characterized neurogenic niches (subventricular and subgranular zones). Additionally other mechanisms of brain reorganization will be reviewed.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter was funded by Grant 4800 “BDNF-TrkB signaling regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission” from Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

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  1. Nutrition and Biochemistry Department – Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogotá, Colombia

    Sonia-Luz Albarracin & Jhon-Jairo Sutachan

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  1. Sonia-Luz Albarracin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Renato Anghinah

  2. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Wellingson Paiva

  3. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Linamara Rizzo Battistella

  4. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Robson Amorim

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Albarracin, SL., Sutachan, JJ. (2018). Spontaneous Recovery Mechanisms-Brain Reorganization. In: Anghinah, R., Paiva, W., Battistella, L., Amorim, R. (eds) Topics in Cognitive Rehabilitation in the TBI Post-Hospital Phase. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95376-2_1

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