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Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Pain

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Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care

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Abstract

Pharmacotherapy for chronic pain remains very much an art. Pharmacologic approaches are generally combined with other approaches to the treatment of chronic pain including physical medicine, behavioral medicine, neuromodulation, and interventional, surgical, and complementary and alternative medicine approaches.

Pharmacotherapy of chronic pain includes acetaminophen, traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 selective inhibitors, tramadol, opioids (e.g., morphine, hydrocodone/acetaminophen, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxymorphone, buprenorphine, methadone, tapentadol), calcium channel alpha-2 delta ligands, skeletal relaxants (baclofen, tizanidine, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, methocarbamol, orphenadrine), topical analgesics (lidocaine 5% patch, capsaicin/high-concentration capsaicin patch, topical NSAIDs), and botulinum toxins.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Datta Endoscopic Back Surgery and Pain Center, New York, NY, USA

    Sukdeb Datta MD

  2. Pain Management Center of Paducah, Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Paducah, KY, USA

    Laxmaiah Manchikanti MD

Authors
  1. Sukdeb Datta MD
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  2. Laxmaiah Manchikanti MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bethesda, MD, USA

    Rhonda J. Moore

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Datta, S., Manchikanti, L. (2018). Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Pain. In: Moore, R. (eds) Handbook of Pain and Palliative Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95369-4_24

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