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From Cancer Immunoediting to New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Roles of Immune Cells and Mechanics in Oncology

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Biomechanics in Oncology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1092))

Abstract

For the last three decades, the concept of immunoediting has evolved to characterize our increasing understanding of the interactions between cells from the immune system and cancer development. Elucidating the role of immune cells in the progression of cancer has been very challenging due to their dual role; the immune system can either suppress tumor formation by killing cancer cells, or it can also promote tumor growth. Revealing how immune cells are hampered by the tumor microenvironment and how they aid tumor progression has signaled strategies to reverse these effects and control cancer cell growth; this has been the advent of immunotherapy design. More recently, the role of physical forces in the process of immunoediting has been highlighted by multiple studies focusing on understanding how force changes in the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and fluid flow shear stress contribute to tumor development. Using models in vitro that incorporate biomechanical components, it has been shown that these physical aspects are not only important during the formation and growth of primary tumors, but in the metastatic process as well. In this way, we have also gained insight into the interactions occurring within the vascular system, which are highly affected by the dynamics of physical collisions between cells and by shear forces. Here, we review the concept of cancer immunoediting with an emphasis on biomechanics and conclude with a summary on current immunotherapies and potential new strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank the former members of the lab and their collaborators for their outstanding contribution to the work presented in this chapter, Dr. Margaret Slattery, Dr. Shile Liang, Dr. Hsin H. Peng, Dr. Meghan Hoskins, and Dr. Payal Khanna. This work was supported in part by NIH grants M01-RR-10732, CA-97306, C06-RR-016499, NIBIBEB012575, NCICA182670, and NHLBIHL118498; National Science Foundation (NSF) grants CBET-0729091, DMR1313553, CMMI1266116, and CBET-BME1330663; and the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PA-DOH)—Commonwealth Universal Research Enhancement (CURE) Program (Dong–Multi-P.I.), 2015–2017, “Development of Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Tumors.”

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA

    Virginia Aragon-Sanabria, Gloria B. Kim & Cheng Dong

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  1. Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
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  2. Gloria B. Kim
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  3. Cheng Dong
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Correspondence to Cheng Dong .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Cheng Dong

  2. Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA

    Nastaran Zahir

  3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Konstantinos Konstantopoulos

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Aragon-Sanabria, V., Kim, G.B., Dong, C. (2018). From Cancer Immunoediting to New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Roles of Immune Cells and Mechanics in Oncology. In: Dong, C., Zahir, N., Konstantopoulos, K. (eds) Biomechanics in Oncology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1092. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_7

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