Skip to main content

Abstract

The incidence of new thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is increasing. Enhanced awareness combined with improved diagnostic imaging modalities has led to an increased diagnosis of thoracoabdominal aneurysms. With the current trend in population aging, more and more elderly patients will be diagnosed, and proper clinical management will be required. Patients with TAAA have a high prevalence of significant comorbid conditions which may decrease their long-term survival and increase their perioperative mortality and morbidity. Thus, it is important to know the natural history of TAAA in order to make the proper decision on operative indications. Further problems come from the complications of endovascular treatment in dissected patients. Very often it happens that patients with type B dissection are treated with thoracic endografting. The late expansion of the aorta can lead to an urgent situation for the onset of thoracic pain in the reperfused false lumen of the aorta is difficult to manage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Schepens MAAM, Deafauw JJAM, Hamerlijinck RPHM. Surgical treatment of TAAA by simple cross clamping. Risk factors and late results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107:134–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anton JM, Herald K. Anesthetic management of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2016;54(2):76–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tantry US, Bonello L, Aradi D, et al. Working group on on-treatment platelet reactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(24):2261–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ranucci M, Sim P. Point-of-care tests for severe hemorrhage. A manual for diagnosis and treatment. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2016.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Ortmann E, Rubino A, Altemimi B, Collier T, Besser MW, Klein AA. Validation of viscoelastic coagulation tests during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13:1207–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rahe-Meyer N, Solomon C, Winterhalter M, Piepenbrock S, Tanaka K, Haverich A, Pichlmaier M. Thromboelastometry-guided administration of fibrinogen concentrate for the treatment of excessive intraoperative bleeding in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138(3):694–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.11.065. Epub 2009 May 17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ranucci M, Pistuddi V, Baryshnikova E, Colella D, Bianchi P. Fibrinogen levels after cardiac surgical procedures: association with postoperative bleeding, trigger values, and target values. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(1):78–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rahe-Meyer N, Hanke A, Schmidt DS, Hagl C, Pichlmaier M. Fibrinogen concentrate reduces intraoperative bleeding when used as first-line hemostatic therapy during major aortic replacement surgery: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(Suppl 3):S178–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17(2):357–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Crawford ES, Hess KR, Cohen ES, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Ruptured aneurysm of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Analysis according to size and treatment. Ann Surg. 1991;213(5):417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gaudino M, Lau C, Munjal M, Girardi LN. Open repair of ruptured descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(4):814–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Etz CD, Weigang E, Hartert M, Lonn L, Mestres CA, Di Bartolomeo R, Bachet JE, Carrel TP, Grabenwöger M, Schepens MA, Czerny M. Contemporary spinal cord protection during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery and endovascular aortic repair: a position paper of the vascular domain of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47:943–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Greenberg RK, Lu Q, Roselli EE, Svensson LG, Moon MC, Hernandez AV, et al. Contemporary analysis of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: a comparison of endovascular and open techniques. Circulation. 2008;118:808–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Conrad MF, Ye JY, Chung TK, Davison JK, Cambria RP. Spinal cord complications after thoracic aortic surgery: long-term survival and functional status varies with deficit severity. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fehrenbacher JW, Siderys H, Terry C, Kuhn J, Corvera JS. Early and late results of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140:S154–60; discussion S85–S90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Koksoy C, Schmittling ZC, Curling PE. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage reduces paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: result of a randomized clinical trial. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:631–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zoli S, Roder F, Etz CD, Brenner RM, Bodian CA, Lin HM, et al. Predicting the risk of paraplegia after thoracic an thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90:1237–44; discussion 45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sundt TM, Flemming MD, Oderich GS, Torres NE, Li Z, Lenoch J, et al. Spinal cord protection during open repair of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212:678–83; discussion 84–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Safi HJ, Estrera AL, Miller CC, Huynh TT, Porat EE, Azizzadeh A, et al. Evolution of risk for neurologic deficit after descending and thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:2173–9; discussion 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Stone DH, Brewster DC, Kwolek CJ, Lamuraglia GM, Conrad MF, Chung TK, et al. Stent-graft versus open-surgical repair of the thoracic aorta: mid-term results. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:1188–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Griepp RB, Griepp EB. Spinal cord perfusion and protection during descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery: the collateral network concept. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83(2):S865–9; discussion S890–S892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Etz CD, von Aspern K, Gudehus S, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of the collateral network prior to, during, and after thoracoabdominal aortic repair: a pilot study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;46(6):651–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Luehr M, Mohr FW, Etz CD. Indirect neuromonitoring of the spinal cord by near-infrared spectroscopy of the paraspinous thoracic and lumbar muscles in aortic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;64(04):333–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/ACA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation. 2010;121:e266–369.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Svensson LG, Hess KR, D’Agostino RS, Entrup MH, Hreib K, Kimmel WA, et al. Reduction of neurologic injury after high-risk thoracoabdominal aortic operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:132–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Hoch JR, Kranner PW. Cardiac function is a risk factor for paralysis in thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:821–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sugiura J, Oshima H, Abe T, Narita Y, Araki Y, Fujimoto K, Mutsuga M, Usui A. The efficacy and risk of cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a retrospective observational comparison between drainage and non-drainage. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2017;24(4):609–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wynn MM, Mell MW, Tefera G, Hoch JR, Acher CW. Complications of spinal fluid drainage in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a report of 486 patients treated from 1987 to 2008. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49:29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Murakami H, Yoshida K, Hino Y, Matsuda H, Tsukube T, Okita Y. Complications of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:243–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Loddo P, Degiudici A, Maxia A, Pibiri L, Pisu F, Ruiu G, Zanetti PP. Emergency surgery in thoracoabdominal aneurysms repair. Clinical outcome. G Ital Chir Vasc. 2003;10:255–67.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zanetti PP, Krasoń M, Walas R, Cebotaru T, Popa C, Vintila B, Steiu F. “Open” repair of ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (experience of 51 cases). Pol J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;12(2):119.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bevilacqua S, Casini A, Galeotti I, Corsoni V, Romagnoli S. Rotational thromboelastometry–guided hemostatic therapy for management of cerebrospinal fluid catheter in patients undergoing endovascular aortic repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(5):631–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Fedorow CA, Moon MC, Mutch WA, et al. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracoabdominal aortic surgery: rationale and practical considerations for management. Anesth Analg. 2010;111:46–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Lobato AC, Camacho-Lobato L. Enovascular treatment of complex aortic aneurysms using the sandwich technique. J Endovasc Ther. 2012;19:691–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano Pirrelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pirrelli, S., Mazzola, A., Ticozzelli, G., Bianchi, I.M., di Matteo, M., Quaretti, P. (2019). Update in the Management of Non-traumatic Thoracoabdominal Vascular Emergencies. In: Aseni, P., De Carlis, L., Mazzola, A., Grande, A.M. (eds) Operative Techniques and Recent Advances in Acute Care and Emergency Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95114-0_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95114-0_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95113-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95114-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics