Abstract
Formulated in the 1960s, the Standard Model of particle physics describes subatomic particle interactions with remarkable success. Its prediction of the top quark and the Higgs boson were the most recent triumphs. Over several orders of magnitude in production cross section, the measurements performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN precisely confirm the predictions of the Standard Model.
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Notes
- 1.
Parameters can vary between generations.
- 2.
The mass hierarchy of the neutrinos is not yet established and might present an exception.
- 3.
In some cases the so-called QCD phase is added to the list of Standard Model parameters of the strong sector as well. It appears in an additional term in the Lagrangian that should be added in general, but since this phase is measured to be very close to zero, this term is neglected here and in many other places. It will be discussed further in Sect. 2.5.
- 4.
Furthermore, techniques such as QCD sum rules relate hadronic parameters like masses, couplings or magnetic moments, to characteristics of the QCD vacuum, i.e. quark and gluon condensates. Also the so-called quark-hadron duality allows to describe observed reactions either as interactions between partons or of hadronic resonances.
- 5.
Note that right-handed neutrinos are not included here.
- 6.
The Baryon symmetry is broken non-perturbatively by sphaleron transitions [6].
- 7.
The QCD phase \(\theta \), mentioned above and discussed in detail below, sometimes gets counted here as well, resulting in a total number of 19 parameters.
- 8.
Note that this is technically only true in the presence of new, heavy states at the scale \(\Lambda \).
References
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Gramling, J. (2018). The Standard Model. In: Search for Dark Matter with the ATLAS Detector. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95016-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95016-7_2
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