Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morpho-Physiological Traits and Molecular Intricacies Associated with Tolerance to Combined Drought and Pathogen Stress in Plants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 3

Abstract

Crops in field conditions are challenged by the simultaneous occurrence of drought and pathogen stress. In the past, research was primarily focused on studying the impact of individual stresses on plants and selection of crop varieties potentially tolerant to particular stress by yield-associated morpho-physiological traits. However, several molecular responses of crop plants underlying morpho-physiological features to concurrent stresses are not similar to that of individual stresses. Certain morpho-physiological traits such as cell membrane stability, leaf water potential, stomatal movement, and root length were shown to be altered distinctly under combined stress to combat the stress condition. However, the relevance of such traits under combined stress tolerance is not precisely known. In this chapter, from the extensive literature survey, we identified several morpho-physiological changes that could be cognate with better plant performance under combined stress and represented them as traits that have potential to impart combined stress tolerance. We have comprehensively explained physiological and molecular basis for each trait and, where possible, suggested the ways to exploit the information for identification of varieties with prospective traits. Also, we proposed the need for systematically studying the underlying regulatory traits under combined stress conditions in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Atkinson NJ, Urwin PE (2012) The interaction of plant biotic and abiotic stresses: from genes to the field. J Exp Bot 63(10):3523–3543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayalew H, Liu H, & Yan G (2017) Identification and validation of root length QTLs for water stress resistance inhexaploid wheat (Titicum aestivum L.). Euphytica 213(6):126

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajji M, Kinet JM, Lutts S (2002) The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regul 36(1):61–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernier J, Serraj R, Kumar A, Venuprasad R, Impa S, Veereshgowda RP, Oane R, Spaner D, Atlin G (2009) The large-effect drought-resistance QTL qtl12. 1 increases water uptake in upland rice. Field Crop Res 110(2):139–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaker N, MacDonald J (1981) Predisposing effects of soil moisture extremes on the susceptibility of rhododendron to Phytophthora root and crown rot. Phytopathology 71(83):1–834

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Lopez M (1983) Effect of irrigation on susceptibility of sunflower to Macrophomina phaseoli. Plant Dis 67(11):1214–1217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum A, Shpiler L, Golan G, Mayer J (1989) Yield stability and canopy temperature of wheat genotypes under drought-stress. Field Crop Res 22(4):289–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borah P, Sharma E, Kaur A, Chandel G, Mohapatra T, Kapoor S, Khurana JP (2017) Analysis of drought-responsive signalling network in two contrasting rice cultivars using transcriptome-based approach. Sci Rep 7:42131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley DJ, Gilbert GS, Parker IM (2003) Susceptibility of clover species to fungal infection: the interaction of leaf surface traits and environment. Am J Bot 90(6):857–864

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi HK, Iandolino A, da Silva FG, Cook DR (2013) Water deficit modulates the response of Vitis vinifera to the Pierce's disease pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 26(6):643–657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook R, Papendick R (1972) Influence of water potential of soils and plants on root disease. Annu Rev Phytopathol 10(1):349–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dossa GS, Torres R, Henry A, Oliva R, Maiss E, Cruz CV, Wydra K (2017) Rice response to simultaneous bacterial blight and drought stress during compatible and incompatible interactions. Eur J Plant Pathol 147(1):115–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dryden P, Van Alfen NK (1984) Soil moisture, root system density, and infection of roots of pinto beans by Fusarium solani f. Sp. phaseoli under dryland conditions. Phytopathology 74(2):132–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duniway J, Durbin R (1971) Detrimental effect of rust infection on the water relations of bean. Plant Physiol 48(1):69–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer J, Björkman O, Mooney HA (1976) Leaf pubescence: effects on absorptance and photosynthesis in a desert shrub. Science 192(4237):376–377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyal Z, Blum A (1989) Canopy temperature as a correlative measure for assessing host response to Septoriatritici blotch of wheat. Plant Dis 73(6):468–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fanizza G, Ricciardi L, Bagnulo C (1991) Leaf greenness measurements to evaluate water stressed genotypes in Vitis vinifera. Euphytica 55(1):27–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Lynch JP (2016) Reduced crown root number improves water acquisition under water deficit stress in maize (Zea mays L.). J Exp Bot 67(15):4545–4557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • González-Dugo M, Moran M, Mateos L, Bryant R (2006) Canopy temperature variability as an indicator of crop water stress severity. Irrig Sci 24(4):233–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govrin EM, Levine A (2000) The hypersensitive response facilitates plant infection by the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Curr Biol 10(13):751–757

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grammatikopoulos G, Manetas Y (1994) Direct absorption of water by hairy leaves of Phlomis fruticosa and its contribution to drought avoidance. Can J Bot 72(12):1805–1811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimmer MK, John Foulkes M, Paveley ND (2012) Foliar pathogenesis and plant water relations: a review. J Exp Bot 63(12):4321–4331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta A, Dixit SK, Senthil-Kumar M (2016) Drought stress predominantly endures Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae infection. Front Plant Sci 7:808

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta A, Senthil-Kumar M (2017) Concurrent stresses are perceived as new state of stress by the plants: overview of impact of abiotic and biotic stress combinations. In: plant tolerance to individual and concurrent stresses. Springer India, pp 1–15 New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishiga Y, Ishiga T, Uppalapati SR, Mysore KS (2013) Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein regulates host and nonhost pathogen-induced cell death in tomato and Nicotianabenthamiana. PLoS One 8(9):e75728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Taji T, Naramoto M, Seki M, Kato T, Tabata S, Kakubari Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2001) Regulation of drought tolerance by gene manipulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J 27(4):325–333

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jäger K, Fábián A, Tompa G, Deák C, Höhn M, Olmedilla A, Barnabás B, Papp I (2011) New phenotypes of the drought-tolerant cbp20Arabidopsis thaliana mutant have changed epidermal morphology. Plant Biol 13(1):78–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenks MA, Joly RJ, Peters PJ, Rich PJ, Axtell JD, Ashworth EN (1994) Chemically induced cuticle mutation affecting epidermal conductance to water vapor and disease susceptibility in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Physiol 105(4):1239–1245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Díaz RM, Castillo P, del Mar Jiménez-Gasco M, Landa BB, Navas-Cortés JA (2015) Fusarium wilt of chickpeas: biology, ecology and management. Crop Prot 73:16–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KS, Park SH, Jenks MA (2007) Changes in leaf cuticular waxes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants exposed to water deficit. J Plant Physiol 164(9):1134–1143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korves TM, Bergelson J (2003) A developmental response to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 133(1):339–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kosma DK, Bourdenx B, Bernard A, Parsons EP, Lü S, Joubès J, Jenks MA (2009) The impact of water deficiency on leaf cuticle lipids of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 151(4):1918–1929

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kroumova AB, Shepherd RW, Wagner GJ (2007) Impacts of T-Phylloplanin gene knockdown and of Helianthus and Datura phylloplanins on Peronospora tabacina spore germination and disease potential. Plant Physiol 144(4):1843–1851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lai A, Cianciolo V, Chiavarini S, Sonnino A (2000) Effects of glandular trichomes on the development of Phytophthora infestans infection in potato (S. tuberosum). Euphytica 114(3):165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landa BB, Navas-Cortés JA, Jiménez-Díaz RM (2004) Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control. Phytopathology 94(9):946–960

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Liu C (2016) Effects of drought-stress on fusarium crown rot development in barley. PLoS One 11(12):e0167304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Loarce Y, Navas E, Paniagua C, Fominaya A, Manjón JL, Ferrer E (2016) Identification of genes in a partially resistant genotype of Avenasativa expressed in response to Puccinia coronata infection. Front Plant Sci 7:731

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez F, Chauhan Y, Johansen C (1997) Effects of timing of drought stress on leaf area development and canopy light interception of short-duration pigeonpea. J Agron Crop Sci 178(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahalakshmi V, Bidinger F (1985) Flowering response of pearl millet to water stress during panicle development. Ann Appl Biol 106(3):571–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manjarrez-Sandoval P, González-Hernández VA, Mendoza-Onofre LE, Engleman E (1989) Drought stress effects on the grain yield and panicle development of sorghum. Can J Plant Sci 69(3):631–641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcell LM, Beattie GA (2002) Effect of leaf surface waxes on leaf colonization by Pantoeaagglomerans and Clavibacter michiganensis. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 15(12):1236–1244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayek-Pérez N, GarcÍa-Espinosa R, López-Castañeda C, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Simpson J (2002) Water relations, histopathology and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during pathogenesis of Macrophomina phaseolina under drought stress. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 60(4):185–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElrone AJ, Sherald JL, Forseth IN (2001) Effects of water stress on symptomatology and growth of Parthenocissus quinquefolia infected by Xylella fastidiosa. Plant Dis 85(11):1160–1164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElrone AJ, Sherald JL, Forseth IN (2003) Interactive effects of water stress and xylem-limited bacterial infection on the water relations of a host vine. J Exp Bot 54(381):419–430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melotto M, Underwood W, Koczan J, Nomura K, He SY (2006) Plant stomata function in innate immunity against bacterial invasion. Cell 126(5):969–980

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr PG, Cahill DM (2003) Abscisic acid influences the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringaepv. tomato and Peronospora parasitica. Funct Plant Biol 30(4):461–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantri NL, Ford R, Coram TE, & Pang EC (2010) Evidence of unique and shared responses to major biotic andabiotic stresses in chickpea. Environmental and experimental botany 69(3): 286–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen TTX, Dehne H-W, Steiner U (2016) Maize leaf trichomes represent an entry point of infection for fusarium species. Fungal Biol 120(8):895–903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oerke E, Steiner U, Dehne H, Lindenthal M (2006) Thermal imaging of cucumber leaves affected by downy mildew and environmental conditions. J Exp Bot 57(9):2121–2132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oren L, Ezrati S, Cohen D, Sharon A (2003) Early events in the Fusarium verticillioides-maize interaction characterized by using a green fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(3):1695–1701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey P, Irulappan V, Bagavathiannan MV, Senthil-Kumar M (2017) Impact of combined abiotic and biotic stresses on plant growth and avenues for crop improvement by exploiting physio-morphological traits. Front Plant Sci 8:537

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey P, Ramegowda V, Senthil-Kumar M (2015) Shared and unique responses of plants to multiple individual stresses and stress combinations: physiological and molecular mechanisms. Front Plant Sci 6:723

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Papp I, Mur L, Dalmadi A, Dulai S, Koncz C (2004) A mutation in the cap binding protein 20 gene confers drought. Plant Mol Biol 55(5):679–686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul N, Ayres P (1984) Effects of rust and post-infection drought on photosynthesis, growth and water relations in groundsel. Plant Pathol 33(4):561–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauwels L, Goossens A (2011) The JAZ proteins: a crucial interface in the jasmonate signaling cascade. Plant Cell 23(9):3089–3100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pennypacker B, Leath K, Hill R (1991) Impact of drought stress on the expression of resistance to Verticillium albo-atrum in alfalfa. Phytopathology 81(9):1014–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pétriacq P, Stassen JH, Ton J (2016) Spore density determines infection strategy by the plant pathogenic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Plant Physiol 170(4):2325–2339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pinter P, Stanghellini M, Reginato R, Idso S, Jenkins A, Jackson R (1979) Remote detection of biological stresses in plants with infrared thermometry. Science 205(4406):585–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prasch CM, Sonnewald U (2013) Simultaneous application of heat, drought, and virus to Arabidopsis plants reveals significant shifts in signaling networks. Plant Physiol 162(4):1849–1866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ramegowda V, Senthil-Kumar M (2015) The interactive effects of simultaneous biotic and abiotic stresses on plants: mechanistic understanding from drought and pathogen combination. J Plant Physiol 176:47–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramegowda V, Senthil-Kumar M, Ishiga Y, Kaundal A, Udayakumar M, Mysore KS (2013) Drought stress acclimation imparts tolerance to Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Pseudomonas syringae in Nicotianabenthamiana. Int J Mol Sci 14(5):9497–9513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos LJ, Volin RB (1987) Role of stomatal opening and frequency on infection of Lycopersicon spp. by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Phytopathology 77(9):1311–1317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramu VS, Paramanantham A, Ramegowda V, Mohan-Raju B, Udayakumar M, Senthil-Kumar M (2016) Transcriptome analysis of sunflower genotypes with contrasting oxidative stress tolerance reveals individual-and combined-biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. PLoS One 11(6):e0157522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen S, Barah P, Suarez-Rodriguez MC, Bressendorff S, Friis P, Costantino P, Mundy J (2013) Transcriptome responses to combinations of stresses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 161(4):1783–1794

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reis EM, Boareto C, Danelli ALD, Zoldan SM (2016) Anthesis, the infectious process and disease progress curves for fusarium head blight in wheat. Summa Phytopathol 42(2):134–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ristic Z, Jenks MA (2002) Leaf cuticle and water loss in maize lines differing in dehydration avoidance. J Plant Physiol 159(6):645–651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizhsky L, Liang H, Shuman J, Shulaev V, Davletova S, Mittler R (2004) When defense pathways collide. The response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress. Plant Physiol 134(4):1683–1696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas CM, Senthil-Kumar M, Tzin V, Mysore K (2014) Regulation of primary plant metabolism during plant-pathogen interactions and its contribution to plant defense. Front Plant Sci 5:17

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rolando JL, Ramírez DA, Yactayo W, Monneveux P, Quiroz R (2015) Leaf greenness as a drought tolerance related trait in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Environ Exp Bot 110:27–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Ghosh R, Pande S (2015) Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler): an emerging disease of chickpea–where do we stand? Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 48(13–16):797–812

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha R, Gupta A, Senthil-Kumar M (2016) Understanding the impact of drought on foliar and xylem invading bacterial pathogen stress in chickpea. Front Plant Sci 7:902

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smith R, Heritage A, Stopper M, Barrs H (1986) Effect of stripe rust (Pucciniastriiformis west.) and irrigation on the yield and foliage temperature of wheat. Field Crop Res 14:39–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark JC, Pavek JJ, McCann IR (1991) Using canopy temperature measurements to evaluate drought tolerance of potato genotypes. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116(3):412–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki N, Rivero RM, Shulaev V, Blumwald E, Mittler R (2014) Abiotic and biotic stress combinations. New Phytol 203(1):32–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamsudin NAA, Swamy BM, Ratnam W, Cruz MTS, Raman A, & Kumar A. (2016) Marker assisted pyramiding ofdrought yield QTLs into a popular Malaysian rice cultivar, MR219. BMC genetics, 17(1):30

    Google Scholar 

  • Tombesi S, Nardini A, Frioni T, Soccolini M, Zadra C, Farinelli D, Poni S, Palliotti A (2015) Stomatal closure is induced by hydraulic signals and maintained by ABA in drought-stressed grapevine. Sci Rep 5:12449

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathy J, Zhang J, Robin S, Nguyen TT, Nguyen H (2000) QTLs for cell-membrane stability mapped in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. TAG Theor Appl Genet 100(8):1197–1202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turek I, Marondedze C, Wheeler JI, Gehring C, Irving HR (2014) Plant natriuretic peptides induce proteins diagnostic for an adaptive response to stress. Front Plant Sci 5:661

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner G, Wang E, Shepherd R (2004) New approaches for studying and exploiting an old protuberance, the plant trichome. Ann Bot 93(1):3–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner GJ (1991) Secreting glandular trichomes: more than just hairs. Plant Physiol 96(3):675–679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SG, Jia SS, Sun DZ, Hua F, Chang XP, Jing RL (2016) Mapping QTLs for stomatal density and size under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Integr Agric 15(9):1955–1967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams GM, Ayres PG (1981) Effects of powdery mildew and water stress on CO2 exchange in uninfected leaves of barley. Plant Physiol 68(3):527–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Winkel T, Renno J-F, Payne W (1997) Effect of the timing of water deficit on growth, phenology and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown in Sahelian conditions. J Exp Bot 48(5):1001–1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Wang X, Xu R, Li H (2013) Difference between resistant and susceptible maize to systematic colonization as revealed by DsRed-labeled Fusarium verticillioides. Crop J 1(1):61–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan H, Wu L, Filardo F, Yang X, Zhao X, Fu D (2017) Chemical and hydraulic signals regulate stomatal behavior and photosynthetic activity in maize during progressive drought. Acta Physiol Plant 39(6):125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan A, Schneider H, Lynch J (2015) Reduced lateral root branching density improves drought tolerance in maize. Plant Physiology 168:1603–1615

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Glynn NC, Glaz B, Comstock JC, Sood S (2011) Orange rust effects on leaf photosynthesis and related characters of sugarcane. Plant Dis 95(6):640–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Combined stress tolerance project at MS-K Lab is supported by the DBT—Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award (BT/09/IYBA/2015/07). VI acknowledges DBT-JRF (DBT/2015/NIPGR/430) for his Ph.D. program. Authors thank Dr. Aarti Gupta and Dr. Prachi Pandey for critical reading of the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India

    Vadivelmurugan Irulappan & Muthappa Senthil-Kumar

Authors
  1. Vadivelmurugan Irulappan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muthappa Senthil-Kumar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Irulappan, V., Senthil-Kumar, M. (2018). Morpho-Physiological Traits and Molecular Intricacies Associated with Tolerance to Combined Drought and Pathogen Stress in Plants. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94746-4_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation