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Subharmonic Phased Array for Crack Evaluation (SPACE)

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Nonlinear Ultrasonic and Vibro-Acoustical Techniques for Nondestructive Evaluation

Abstract

Crack depth is one of the important factors determining material strength. Hence, the accurate measurement of crack depth is essential to ensure the reliability of aged structures and manufactured products. If cracks are open, crack depth can be measured by ultrasonics because ultrasound is strongly scattered by the crack tip (Fig. 10.1a) [1]. However, if cracks are closed because of compression residual stress [2, 3] and/or oxide debris generated between the crack faces [4], ultrasonic testing can result in the underestimation (Fig. 10.1b) or nondetection (Fig. 10.1c) of cracks since ultrasound penetrates through closed cracks. Subharmonic phased array for crack evaluation (SPACE) is a novel imaging method for measuring closed-crack depths [5, 6]. SPACE uses the subharmonics generated by short-burst waves and a phased array algorithm with frequency filtering. It enables the precise measurement of closed-crack depths. This chapter starts from fundamental aspects of subharmonic generation at closed cracks. It then describes the principle of SPACE and its application to several types of closed crack.

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Acknowledgements

It is our great pleasure to thank all those who have collaborated with us in the development of SPACE. Financial support by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) and other various projects for part of the work described in this chapter is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Yoshikazu Ohara, Tsuyoshi Mihara & Kazushi Yamanaka

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  1. Yoshikazu Ohara
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  2. Tsuyoshi Mihara
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  3. Kazushi Yamanaka
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Correspondence to Yoshikazu Ohara .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Tribikram Kundu

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Ohara, Y., Mihara, T., Yamanaka, K. (2019). Subharmonic Phased Array for Crack Evaluation (SPACE). In: Kundu, T. (eds) Nonlinear Ultrasonic and Vibro-Acoustical Techniques for Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94476-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94476-0_10

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