Abstract
This chapter focuses on how influential male authors of the Victorian period represented women investors. W.M. Thackeray represents female investors in the East India Company with ironic skepticism about their power as voting shareholders. Anthony Trollope introduces various types, including the widow of business and the timid investing spinster. Charles Dickens railed against the American worship of dollars and the regime of shares. Strongly influenced by Dickens and Trollope, George Gissing focuses on lower-middle-class women investors. His novels explore the ambiguities of the New Woman’s place in society, suggesting that limited financial empowerment did not always lead to independence.
We must never intrench upon our capital—never—never!
—George Gissing, The Odd Women
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alborn, Timothy. 2009. Regulated lives: Life insurance and British Society, 1800–1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Allen, Michael. 1988. Charles Dickens’ childhood. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Armstrong, Tim. 2012. The logic of slavery: Debt, technology, and pain in American literature. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Austen, Jane. 1811. Sense and sensibility, ed. Claudia Johnson. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.
———. 1814. Mansfield Park, ed. Claudia Johnson. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998.
———. 1818. Persuasion, ed. James Kinsley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Baucom, Ian. 2005. Specters of the Atlantic: Finance capital, slavery and the philosophy of history. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Brantlinger, Patrick. 1996. Fictions of state: Culture and credit in Britain, 1694–1994. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Brontë, Charlotte. 1853. Villette, ed. Margaret Smith and Herbert Rosengarten. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Carlton, William J. 1955. Dickens’s insurance policies. The Dickensian 51: 133–137.
Çelikkol, Ayşe. 2011. Romances of free trade: British literature, laissez-faire, and the global nineteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press.
Claybaugh, Amanda. 2011. Trollope and America. In The Cambridge companion to Anthony Trollope, ed. Carolyn Dever and Lisa Niles, 210–223. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Collins, Wilkie. 1864–1866. Armadale, ed. John Sutherland. London: Penguin, 1995.
Copeland, Edward. 1995. Women writing about money: Women’s fiction in England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Craik, Dinah Maria Mulock. 1856. John Halifax, gentleman. Repr. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 2005.
Delany, Paul. 2002. Literature, money and the market. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dickens, Charles. 1838–1839. Nicholas Nickleby, ed. Paul Schlicke. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
———. 1842. American notes for general circulation: And pictures from Italy, ed. Patricia Ingham. New York: Penguin, 2000.
———. 1842–1844. The life and adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, ed. Margaret Cardwell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
———. 1846–1848. Dombey and son, ed. Alan Horsman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
———. 1849–1850. David Copperfield, ed. Jeremy Tambling. London: Penguin, 2004.
———. 1852–1853. Bleak house, ed. Stephen Gill. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
———. 1855–1857. Little Dorrit, ed. Stephen Wall. London: Penguin, 2003.
———. 1860–1861. Great expectations, ed. Margaret Cardwell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
———. 1864–1865. Our mutual friend, ed. Kathleen Tillotson. Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2009.
Eliot, George. 1864. Brother Jacob. In The lifted veil and brother Jacob, ed. Helen Small, 3–43. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
———. 1866. Felix Holt: The radical, ed. Fred. C. Thompson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
———. 1871–1872. Middlemarch, ed. David Carroll. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
———. 1876. Daniel Deronda, ed. K.M. Newton and Graham Handley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. 1848. Mary Barton: A tale in Manchester, ed. Edgar Wright. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
———. 1853a. Cranford, ed. Elizabeth Porges Watson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. 1853b. Ruth, ed. Nancy Henry. London: Everyman, 2001.
Gibbon, Frank. 1982. The Antiguan connection: Some new light on “Mansfield Park”. Cambridge Quarterly 11 (2): 298–305.
Gissing, George. 1891. New Grub Street, ed. Steve Arata. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 2008.
———. 1893. The odd women, ed. Arlene Young. Orchard Park, NY: Broadview, 1998.
———. 1894. In the year of jubilee. London: Hogarth Press, 1987.
———. 1897. The Whirlpool, ed. Gillian Tindall. London: Hogarth Press, 1984.
Glendinning, Victoria. 1993. Anthony Trollope. New York: Random House.
Hager, Kelly. 2010. Dickens and the rise of divorce: The failed-marriage plot and the novel tradition. Farnham: Ashgate.
Hunter, Leeann D. 2011. Communities built from ruins: Social economics in Victorian novels of bankruptcy. Women’s Studies Quarterly 39 (3): 137–152.
James, Henry. 1881. The Portrait of a lady, ed. Roger Luckhurst. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
James, Simon J. 2003. Unsettled accounts: Money and narrative in the novels of George Gissing. London: Anthem Press.
Laurence, Anne, Josephine Maltby, and Janette Rutterford (eds.). 2009. Women and their money 1700–1950: Essays on women and finance. London: Routledge.
Martineau, Harriet. 1834. Illustrations of political economy, 9 vols. London: Charles Fox.
Michie, Elsie. 2011. The vulgar question of money: Heiresses, materialism, and the novel of manners from Jane Austen to Henry James. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Michie, Ranald. 2009. Guilty money: The City of London in Victorian and Edwardian culture, 1815–1914. London: Pickering & Chatto.
Morse, Deborah Denenholz. 1987. Women in Trollope’s Palliser novels. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press.
———. 2013. Reforming Trollope: Race, gender and Englishness in the novels of Anthony Trollope. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Nardin, Jane. 1989. He knew she was right: The independent woman in the novels of Anthony Trollope. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Nayder, Lillian. 2010. The Other Dickens: A life of Catherine Hogarth. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Newton, L.A., and P.L. Cotrell. 2009. Female investors in the first English and Welsh commercial joint-stock banks. In Women and their money, 1700–1950: Essays on women and finance, ed. Anne Laurence, Josephine Maltby, and Janette Rutterford, 115–132. New York: Routledge.
O’Gorman, Francis. 2016. Is Trollope’s The way we live now (1875) about the “commercial profligacy of the age”? Review of English Studies 67 (281): 751–763. https://academic.oup.com/res/article-abstract/67/281/751/2451585. Accessed 5 Apr 2018.
Oliphant, Margaret. 1883. Hester, ed. Philip Davis and Brian Nellist. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
———. 1890a. Janet. London: Hurst and Blackett, n.d.
———. 1890b. Kirsteen: The story of a Scotch family seventy years ago. London: Everyman, 1984.
———. 1890c. Sons and daughters. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (The Margaret Oliphant Fiction Collection). http://www.oliphantfiction.com/x0200_single_title.php?titlecode=sondtr. Accessed 5 Apr 2018.
Ouida. 1867. Under two flags: A story of the household and the desert, ed. Natalie Schroeder. Kansas City: Valancourt Books, 2009.
Perera, Suvendrini. 1990. Wholesale, retail and for exportation: Empire and the family business in “Dombey and son”. Victorian Studies 33 (4): 603–620.
Rappoport, Jill. 2016. Greed, generosity, and other problems with unmarried women’s property. Victorian Studies 58 (4): 636–660.
Reed, John R. 1984. A friend to Mammon: Speculation in Victorian literature. Victorian Studies 27 (2): 179–202.
Riddell, Charlotte. 1874a. Fairy water: A Christmas story. London: Tinsley Brothers.
———. 1874b. Mortomley’s estate: A novel. London: Tinsley Brothers.
Russell, Norman. 1986. The novelist and Mammon: Literary response to the world of commerce in the nineteenth-century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rutterford, Janette, and Josephine Maltby. 2006. Frank must marry money: Men, women, and property in Trollope’s novels. Interfaces 33 (2): 169–199.
Schaffer, Talia. 2016. Romance’s rival: Familiar marriage in Victorian fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Slater, Michael. 2009. Charles Dickens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Smith, Grahame. 1968. Dickens, money, and society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Trollope, Anthony. 1858. The three clerks, ed. Graham Handley. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
———. 1861–1862. The struggles of Brown, Jones and Robinson, ed. N. John Hall. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1993.
———. 1862. North America. London: Chapman & Hall.
———. 1863. The two generals. In Anthony Trollope: The complete shorter fiction, ed. Julian Thompson, 385–402. New York: Carroll & Graff, 1992.
———. 1864. Miss Mackenzie, ed. A.O.J. Cockshut. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
———. 1864–1865. Can you forgive her? ed. Dinah Birch. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
———. 1866–1867a. The last chronicle of Barset, ed. Sophie Gilmartin. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 2002.
———. 1866–1867b. Phineas Finn, ed. Simon Dentith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. 1872. The Eustace diamonds, ed. Helen Small. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Trollope, Anthony. 1873–1874. Phineas redux, ed. John Bowen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. 1875. The way we live now, ed. Francis O’Gorman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
———. 1876. The prime minister, ed. Nicholas Shrimpton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. 1883. An autobiography, ed. David Skilton. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996.
Trollope, Frances. 1832. Domestic manners of the Americans, ed. Elsie B. Michie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Vernon, John. 1984. Money and fiction: Literary realism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Wake, Jehanne. 2012. Sisters of fortune: America’s Caton sisters at home and abroad. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Walsh, Susan. 1993. Bodies of capital: Great Expectations and the climacteric economy. Victorian Studies 37 (1): 73–98.
Wood, Claire. 2015. Dickens and the business of death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Henry, N. (2018). Investment Cultures in Dickens, Trollope, and Gissing. In: Women, Literature and Finance in Victorian Britain. Palgrave Studies in Literature, Culture and Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94331-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94331-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94330-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94331-2
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)